In winter, the driver faces many problems. First of all, they are associated with poor starting of the car engine. In order to solve this problem, experts advise installing special prestarting heaters. These devices are capable of not only guaranteeing engine starting in any weather, but also significantly reducing exhaust emissions into the atmosphere.
Thus, the driver has the opportunity to take care of the environment. Some models of preheater due to their action save the owner a lot of fuel. Directly friction between engine parts is greatly reduced. Along with this, the wear of important elements is much slower, which positively affects the performance of all nodes.
Scheme of a conventional pre-heater
Schematically, the engine pre-heater 220V with a pump can be imagined as a tubular electric heater, which is enclosed in a housing. At the bottom of the structure is a small gasket that serves as a sealant. To control the temperature in the system there is a thermostat. A gasket is also located under the top cover of the device. The pump in the mechanism is installed electromagnetic. Under its base there is a rubber ring. Additionally, an impeller is installed in the lower part of the device, to which a flange is connected.
How it works?
When the 220V engine pre-heater with a pump is connected to the system, electricity is supplied to it. As a result of this process, a tubular electric heater is turned on. Its main task is to increase the temperature of antifreeze. The heated liquid then enters the cooling system. This happens with the help of a pump, as well as an impeller, which is installed in the device.
This ensures constant circulation in the system. In this case, the engine warms up slowly and evenly. In order to maintain the optimum temperature in the system, there is a thermostat. If necessary, it is able to open the contacts, and voltage will not be supplied to the tubular electric heater.
Proper installation of the device
How to install engine preheater? Answering this question, it should be understood that much depends on its modification, however, there are general provisions on this subject. First of all, it is important to remember that the device must be connected to a single-phase network. In this case, her contact must be grounded. This is done using a circuit breaker that has protection against current.
Also, some advise using a shutdown system when installing equipment. This device will significantly secure the installation process of the model, and the risk of electric shock will be minimal. Any short circuit in the wiring may cause a fire. With this in mind, do not touch uninsulated sections of equipment during operation. When starting to install the pre-heater, it is important to inspect the cooling system. The device must be connected from the side of the cylinders. At this point, there must be a pipe with a diameter of 20 mm.
Then lay the device in a horizontal position. Ultimately, it should be below the radiator. This is done in order to avoid airing the device. The attachment point can be changed if necessary by using an additional hose. As a rule, it is added to the model. After connecting the device, it should be fixed to the housing. In some cases, this is quite problematic. However, the fixation of the pre-heater to the silencer manifold is considered to be a gross mistake. In most cases, this is unsafe and may cause a vehicle to catch fire.
Device Options
In the standard kit for the pre-heater, you can find brackets, as well as bolts. To better fix the device, an intermediate sleeve is included. The bracket, as a rule, is applied by the manufacturer alone. In order to fix the engine pre-heater 220V with a pump, in its upper part there are two bolts, as well as nuts.
For them, a set of washers is provided in the kit, both conventional and rover. In order to connect the tee to the cooling system, there are fittings. You can usually come across a spare kit in the kit. They are delivered with marking. If we consider models with a voltage of 220 V, then the fitting should be labeled K14. In this case, its diameter is indicated. In order to secure the device, there are clamps. Additionally, a small sleeve can be found in the kit. In turn, there are worm clamps, as well as for couplers. They are made, as a rule, of nylon and are quite elastic.
What determines the power of the pre-heater?
First of all, the power of the pre-heater is associated with the maximum frequency of the device. Typically, this parameter is within 50 Hz, but deviations are possible. Additionally, the piston diameter is taken into account. Its size ultimately affects the flow rate.
The higher the operating power of the device, the faster the temperature rises. Typically, an engine antifreeze is able to warm up to 60 degrees. The average heating time is 3 minutes. In this case, much also depends on the location of the pre-heater. As mentioned earlier, it must be securely fixed and not blown out.
Important device settings
Power should be attributed to important parameters of prestarting heaters. This indicator is measured in kW. If we take a model with a power level of 1.5 kW, then the heating time of antifreeze will be approximately 3.5 minutes. If the above indicator is 2 kW, then the required temperature can be reached in 3.2 minutes.
In this case, the type of current is taken into account, as well as the limiting frequency, which is measured in Hz. The temperature of the thermostat response depends on it. The circulating flow rate is measured in liters per second. It is largely related to the diameter of the inlet as well as the outlet. On average, nozzles are manufactured with a size of 12 mm. At the same time, the dimensions of the device itself can vary greatly. On average, the length of the pre-heater is 150 mm, the width is 90 and the height is 90 mm.
The device’s protection system is classified by degree. The most common models are marked "IP34". This inscription indicates that the device is safe for human health, and cases of short circuits are practically excluded. Additionally, the consumer is required to check the plugs from the parameters. If we talk about Russian manufacturers, they equip their models according to European standards. On average, the weight of the device fluctuates around 1 kg. A good 220V engine pre-heater with a fanfare will cost 4 thousand rubles.
Prestart heater circuit "Webasto"
The Webasto model has a standard installation scheme. The engine pre-heater in the central part has a tubular electric heater. To connect it to the impeller, a special sleeve is installed. The temperature controller in this case is located in the upper part of the structure. Fuel is supplied from the cylinders.
Thus, the circulation flow of the device is quite high. The main chamber of the device is made of stainless steel, so it keeps the temperature high. There is a pump under the control unit. As a result, the power of the pre-heater can be adjusted.
Webasto 220V model device
The pre-heater Webasto 220V engine differs from other devices by a volumetric heat exchanger. It is located immediately above the tubular electric heater. In this case, the piston has a small diameter. However, the impeller takes up a lot of space. The fuel supply to the system is regulated using a special sensor.
In order to change the limiting temperature of the liquid, there is a control unit. In this regard, many models are equipped with a self-diagnosis system. Additionally, the Webasto 220V engine pre-heater is available with fans. In this case, they cope with overheating of the main camera of the device.
How to install Atlant models?
In order to properly install the Atlant engine pre-heater, you should inspect the inlet as well as the outlet. This must be done according to the scheme that is applied to the device. The installation location is determined based on the location of the heater. In any case, the device should be below its level. Next, disconnect the pipe from the system.
After that, all coolant should drain. Only then can you do the input connection of the device. In this case, the hose of the pre-heater must not be pinched. Lastly, the outlet pipe is connected. At the end of the operation, the cooling system is again filled with liquid. When the engine warms up well, the device can be started.
Consumer reviews for the Atlant 220V model
This engine pre-heater reviews are good. Many buyers praise him for having a rugged case. It is made, as a rule, of anodized aluminum. Directly, the heating process occurs evenly. The power of the device is acceptable, and the installation of the engine pre-heater with a pump is quite simple. It will cost on the market an average of 3 thousand rubles.
Characteristics of the pre-heater "VAZ-2107"
The engine pre-heater "VAZ-2107" is usually available with a maximum power of not more than 1.5 kW. The operating frequency should be at least 45 Hz. Pump performance is more dependent on the installation location of the device. If this figure is below 4 liters per minute, then the configuration is clearly not suitable. Additionally, in this situation, the pumping height should be taken into account. As a rule, this parameter lies in the region of 1000 cm. The maximum temperature in this case reaches 70 degrees.
The device models of the company " Eberspacher "
Models of this brand are primarily distinguished by acceptable power. Eberspacher engine preheater performance is an average of 4.5 liters per minute. The degree of protection is indicated with the marking "IP24". According to the dimensions of the model, you can choose a variety. The maximum height of liquid pumping is 90 cm. Thermostats are installed quite high quality, and there are no problems with them. Pre-heaters on average cost around 4000 rubles.
What is the Eberspacher Hydronic?
Hydronic is the pre-heater for the new Eberspacher series. A distinctive feature of it is increased productivity. This model can last a considerable time. Of the shortcomings, a fairly quick heating should be noted. At the same time, a large pump is able to create a pressure of more than 3 atm in the system.
As a result, hoses are heavily loaded. The heat exchangers in this model are made of stainless steel. Manufacturer control units are provided with different operating modes. In addition to the temperature sensor, a protection system is installed in the upper part of the structure, which saves the engine from overheating.