Before considering the issue of social guarantees of state assistance to single mothers in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to determine who such a single mother is. Unfortunately, the definitions contained in the legislation are rather vague, therefore, in this matter we should proceed from the practically applicable norms.
Thus, speaking of single mothers, it should be borne in mind that this category includes women who have given birth to a child out of wedlock or after 300 days after the dissolution of the marriage, paternity of children who are not established voluntarily or judicially. In addition, such women are mothers who have given birth to a child, being married or within 300 days after the dissolution thereof, paternity in relation to children whom it has been challenged and judicially satisfied.
In addition to the above, the category of single mothers should include women who adopted a child without registering marriage. Although in such cases, guardianship is rare.
Having decided on what the status of a single mother is, we can turn to the consideration of the issue of tangible and intangible forms of assistance provided by the state with the aim of social protection of such families. So how much do single mothers get?
Payments to single mothers
Unfortunately, targeted payments for single mothers are not provided for in Russia. But such women can apply for other types of benefits that are paid to all families with children:
- allowance for women who are registered in the early pregnancy;
- maternity allowance;
- one-time allowance after the birth of a child;
- monthly allowance for a child to reach one and a half years.
The procedure for applying for social benefits for families with children
Social protection authorities pay benefits for families with children, which also applies to single mothers. The basis for the preparation of the allowance is a written statement to the social security authorities at the place of residence with the provision of documents confirming the size of the income of the family requiring assistance from the state.
After 10 calendar days, the social protection authority is obliged to inform the applicant about the results of the consideration of the application and the decision: positive or negative. It is possible that the social protection authority will need additional verification of the data provided by the applicant, in which case the applicant should inform the necessity of such verification before the expiration of the specified 10 days from the date of application for the grant of benefits.
The final decision on the appointment or refusal to assign a single mother's allowance must be made within 30 calendar days from the date of applying for such a benefit.
Sizes of social benefits
How much do single mothers get? So, the size of the allowance for early medical registration during pregnancy for 2016 is determined - five hundred eighty-one rubles seventy-three kopecks. The boundaries of maternity benefits range from 248,164 rubles to 28,555 rubles. A one-time payment at the birth of a child in 2016 is 15 512.65 rubles, for residents of the Far North the size of the benefit increases by the local coefficient.
Children who are single mothers may be paid by the social security authorities, the employer or the Social Insurance Fund.
Territorial benefits for single mothers
The list of the above benefits is not limited. It should be borne in mind that the subjects of the Federation also establish other types of social support for families with children, which provides for payments for single mothers.
These
types of benefits include a monthly allowance for a child reaching three years old, a
allowance for a third child in the family to reach three years of age, a allowance for a child under 16 or 18 years old (in some cases, up to 23 years old). The sizes of these benefits vary and range from 500 to 1,500 rubles.
Non-Monetized Help for Single Mothers
In addition to financial assistance, the state provides other types of support for families with children, as well as single mothers:
- free linen for newborns;
- free provision of baby food for dairy cuisine until the child reaches the age of two;
- free massage for the child in the medical institution at the place of residence;
- fifty percent discount on medicines until the child reaches the age of three;
- extraordinary admission to preschool institutions with payment of half the cost of maintaining a child;
- free two meals a day to school children;
- one-time issuance of school supplies upon admission to school;
- issuance of sanatorium-resort vouchers, if necessary.
Protection of the labor rights of single mothers
Given the difficult situation of mothers raising their children alone, which imposes additional material obligations on them, the state in the norms of the Labor Code has provided leverage to protect such women.
The dismissal of single mothers on the initiative of the employer is permissible only in the following cases: complete liquidation, state of health of the employee, his
disciplinary offense proved in the established manner
. In the event of dismissal during the liquidation of the enterprise, the law obliges the successor to take care of the employment of a single mother.
For women, military personnel who have the status of a single mother, a preferential right to maintain a job is provided in case of reduction of staff.
In the case of a child’s illness and treatment under stationary conditions for a single mother, a allowance is paid for caring for a sick child in an amount that depends on her continuous working experience. When treating such a child on an outpatient basis, up to 10 calendar days, the allowance is charged on similar conditions, starting from day 11 the allowance will amount to 50% of earnings, regardless of her seniority.
Single mothers raising children with disabilities are entitled to 4 additional paid days off.
Housing Priority Right
Despite the changing realities of today, the legislative right to the priority of improving the living conditions of single mothers in the Housing Code has not been repealed.
In addition, the same document regulates the right of single mothers to provide other housing if they are evicted from service. It can be said that unmarried women have good support from the state.
Tax breaks for single mothers
The tax benefit for single mothers is the monthly deduction rate of 600 rubles provided for by the Tax Code for each child raised by a single mother. This norm operates cumulatively: until the income reaches 20 thousand rubles.
You must indicate that the tax deduction is applied until the child reaches the age of eighteen (in the case of full-time education of the child - up to 24 years).
The question posed in the title about how much single mothers receive does not have a clear answer. After all, the state provides not only payments to single mothers, but also provides women with the status of a single mother with rights, which in other cases cost much more than banknotes.
Assistance to single mothers is also provided by ensuring their labor, tax and housing rights. Thus, payments and benefits for single mothers are a guaranteed minimum level of social protection.
Conclusion
Of course, the amount of social assistance is small, in this regard, a single mother, for whom benefits and allowances are the main source of income, is in a rather difficult position. However, it must be recognized that the reasons for the small amounts of social benefits assigned to single mothers are objective. The global economic crisis in the modern world does not allow for wider gestures; it requires reasonable savings and rational use of funds.
In this matter, the cornerstone should be the topic of creating new effective jobs, which in turn will contribute to large tax deductions, which in the future will improve the living standards of the population as a whole and of such social categories as single mothers in particular.
It doesn't matter how much single mothers get. It is worth remembering that no material values can replace a child's development in a full-fledged family with both parents.