Russia is a state that positions itself as social. This means that vulnerable sections of the population will not be left without attention. Most often, the concern of the state is manifested in material form. Is the help provided by the country always sufficient to exist normally? You can understand this by examining the size of social benefits. To get the money, citizens need to contact the social security service at the place of residence.
What is the allowance in Russia? This is material assistance provided by the state to support individuals and families who find themselves in difficult economic conditions that do not allow them to earn money on their own.
Let us consider in more detail the issue of accruing benefits intended for families with children and disabled citizens.
Features of the calculation of social benefits
Social benefits that are paid in Russia are regulated by both federal and regional laws. National payments, that is, funds from the country's social insurance fund, do not limit the amount of benefits that can be financed at the regional level. Such a division, of course, does not always justify itself. Indeed, regions with lower budgetary capabilities infringe certain categories of the population in their receipt of social assistance. On the other hand, this approach allows more targeted planning of expenses, taking into account all possible costs.
Speaking about benefits for families with children, the payment of which is realized at the federal level, it is necessary to understand that they are paid to a pregnant woman with timely registration (up to 12 weeks) in a medical institution. Next, payments are made for the child until he reaches the age of 1.5 years.
Maternity Benefits
The criterion that determines the size of maternity benefits is the assignment of women in childbirth to three different categories: officially working women and having social insurance; unemployed women registered with the employment service to reduce staff or in connection with the liquidation of the enterprise; unemployed women receiving unemployment benefits.
The size of the maternity allowance for officially working women is calculated based on their salary for the last 2 years. Such a system does not work in relation to individual entrepreneurs, since they do not make payments to the Social Insurance Fund. The only way to receive payments for this category of working expectant mothers is advance planning for the birth of the child and the corresponding payments to the Fund. The maximum size of the maternity allowance in 2016 is set at 248,164 rubles, and the minimum - 28,555 rubles.
But what about the unemployed?
Women registered with the employment service in connection with the reduction or liquidation of the enterprise in which they worked as unemployed receive monthly benefits in the amount of 544 rubles. For women of this category, a monthly allowance of 581.73 rubles is provided. However, the lump sum payment of these benefits is not carried out. You need to choose only one type of social assistance.
The amount of maternity benefits for student youth is determined by 100% the size of the scholarship. If the scholarship is less than 25% of the minimum subsistence level, then this difference is paid by the state.
A separate category of women giving birth upon receipt of the appropriate allowance are female soldiers. The amount of benefits for these women in labor is 100% of their monetary allowance. Wives of conscripts are paid a one-time maternity allowance in the amount of 24565.89 rubles.
One-time help for women in childbirth
Significant help from the state is received by a family who decided to have a baby. After childbirth, women who were officially employed were registered with the employment service due to job loss on the basis of staff reductions or liquidation of the enterprise by the state, in 2016, a one-time assistance of 15,500 rubles is paid.
Girls who do not work anywhere and are not registered with the employment service do not receive such benefits.
Social assistance for caring for children before they reach the age of 1.5 and 3
The next type of benefits for families with children are payments per child upon reaching 1.5 and 3 years. This help is essential for every family in the understanding that a woman cannot afford to work with a child for 24 hours, and the cost of children is very significant in the share of the family budget.
For officially registered mothers, this type of benefit, like maternity benefits, is calculated on the basis of two-year earnings. The calculation formula provides for finding the average daily earnings of a woman: the total amount of earnings for 2 years should be divided into 730 calendar days. If during these two years a woman was on the sick leave, the illness period must first be subtracted from 730 calendar days. The found average daily wage should be multiplied by the number of days spent on maternity leave up to 1.5 years.
For students of higher educational institutions, the basis for calculating the allowance is the size of their scholarship, but not less than the minimum amount of allowance for a child.
In 2016, the minimum amounts of benefits for women caring for a child up to one and a half and three years old were established in the following amounts:
- for the first child - 2900 rubles;
- for the second and subsequent children - 5800 rubles.
Benefits for large families
A separate topic is manuals for large families. Unfortunately, at the federal level, separate payments of this category of families with children are not provided. However, for the benefits we have reviewed above, they can also apply on a common basis.
At the regional level, such families may additionally be provided with payments stimulating the birth rate in the country. Benefits for large families in different cities can vary significantly. On the example of the Moscow region, we consider the size of such payments. In this region, they are also called “thunder” payments. So, at the birth of the first child, 10 thousand rubles are paid once, at the birth of the second - 20 thousand, the benefit for 3 children at birth is 150 thousand rubles.
In addition, the following payments are provided to families with children (in addition to federal payments):
- up to 1.5 years - 2206 rubles;
- from 1.5 to 3 years - 3216 rubles;
- from 3 to 7 years - 1104 rubles;
- from 7 to 16 years - 552 rubles.
Social benefits for adopted children
When adopting a child, adoptive parents, like biological parents, are paid lump sum assistance in the amount of 15,500 rubles.
They have their own characteristics of
payment for adopted children, if they are disabled. For each child, a lump sum of 118 529 rubles is paid. The same rule applies to children whose age exceeds 7 years. If the family decides to adopt several brothers or sisters, an allowance is also paid.
Benefits are also paid to children who have lost one of the breadwinners. The amount of monthly accruals will depend on the experience and average salary of the deceased guardian. The minimum allowance is 300 rubles.
Disability Care Allowance
A separate category of recipients of state assistance is made up of persons caring for disabled persons of group I. These are citizens who have undergone an appropriate medical examination. In addition, another category is made up of children with disabilities of group I.
The receipt of benefits by persons caring for the elderly or disabled persons of group I is possible if they are able-bodied and do not work. When caring for several persons with disabilities, benefits are paid for each person with a disability.
Parents of children with disabilities of group I, caring for their children, receive a benefit of 5.5 thousand rubles. When caring for adult disabled people of category I, the amount of the monthly allowance is 1200 rubles.
Maternal capital
The state also provides financial assistance in case of birth (adoption) of the second and subsequent children. The peculiarity in the appointment of this benefit is that it is paid at a time. For 2016, the amount of maternity capital in the amount of 453,026 rubles was established. This program was launched in 2007 and was calculated inclusively until 2015. This issue was discussed vigorously, and today payments have been extended to 2018.
Maternity capital can be used to purchase real estate, improve housing conditions, or for the future education of a child.
Is it social protection?
Summing up, I want to say that the level of social protection of people in each country characterizes the general situation in the state. Unfortunately, Russian citizens cannot fully feel safe. However, as we see, at the level of the country's leadership, certain measures are being taken to promote material support for people who cannot provide for themselves.
Particularly life-affirming is the extension of the Maternity Capital program, which was originally calculated until 2015. Given the crisis realities of the life of the country's population, the only right decision was made to continue payments. Thus, it will be possible to partially solve the urgent problems of families with children, although the size of benefits is not large.
True, the steps taken in the country to improve the standard of living of families with children cannot be called sufficient today. Therefore, the solution of the demographic problem will be possible only after a real increase in the standard of living of the population. An increase in the number of women in childbirth from asocial families will not allow a qualitative improvement in the situation. In this sense, a really depressing fact is the lack of significant national support for normal families who have decided on a third or more children. Why does the state not help such families? The allowance for 3 children is not provided for by federal law.
The only right decision in this situation will be the creation of additional jobs, the modernization of all sectors of the economy, which will positively affect contributions to the budgets of all levels, and will allow us to provide really significant assistance to those who need it.
But what about the disabled?
I would like to say separately about the situation in which people who care for people with disabilities find themselves. Understanding that these people are committing a truly heroic act, the requirement when paying them benefits is blasphemous - the absence of another source of income when the amount of this benefit is 1200 rubles. Almost all types of benefits in Russia are indexed annually. The question arises: “Who can live on the allowance for the care of a disabled person”?
The size of benefits, originally intended to improve the material condition of citizens, makes you think about the need for radical changes in the entire system of social protection of the country's population . And this will become possible only if the economy works for people, and not vice versa.