Means of transport - these are devices used to transport goods or equipment installed on it, or people, on roads. This definition gives a comprehensive understanding of TS. However, in practice this is often not enough. More complete information about the vehicle contains traffic rules.
General information
Rail and rail types of vehicles are conventionally distinguished. There is also a division into non-self-propelled and self-propelled. The movement of vehicles in the latter case is ensured by the operation of the motor. In traffic rules, however, there is another classification. In accordance with the rules, mechanical and non-mechanical types of vehicles are distinguished. These categories have fundamental differences.
Mechanical vehicles
Their main feature is the presence of an engine. Mechanical means (vehicles) are trucks and cars, motorcycles. They also include self-propelled cars and tractors. The engine can be anything: hydrogen, gasoline, gas, diesel, etc. Another criterion for such vehicles is their purpose. They should only be used on the road.
Non-mechanical vehicles
They primarily include bicycles. They are vehicles, with the exception of wheelchairs, which have at least 2 wheels and are driven by the muscular energy of citizens who drive them. For this, pedals or handles may be used. Engines can be mounted on bicycles. Their maximum rated power does not exceed 0.25 kW. At the same time, they automatically turn off at a speed of more than 25 km / h. All these parameters make it possible to classify bicycles as non-mechanical vehicles.
Special category
Mopeds - mechanical means (vehicles). This is due to the presence of an internal combustion engine or an electric motor. Meanwhile, mopeds are included in the category of non-mechanical vehicles. This is explained by the fact that their maximum design speed does not exceed 50 km / h, and the engine displacement is 50 m 3 (or rated power with a continuous load of more than 0.25 and less than 4 kW). Other means of transport are defined in a similar way. This is primarily scooters, mokiki and other similar vehicles with engines.
Important point
Driving a non-mechanical vehicle does not require a driver’s license. At the same time, the vehicles themselves do not pass registration, signs (numbers) are not provided for them. Meanwhile, one should not forget that the persons who own them are drivers. In this regard, driving a non-mechanical vehicle should be carried out in accordance with traffic rules.
Maximum permitted weight
It characterizes the weight of the vehicle with cargo, passengers and the driver. The permitted mass is set by the manufacturer and is considered the maximum permissible. We will understand the terminology. The maximum is considered the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle with passengers, cargo and driver. Exceeding the established indicator is prohibited. This is due to the fact that with a high load (greater than that provided by the manufacturer) the machine body, brake system, engine, suspension, steering part will not be able to function normally. Accordingly, there is a risk of an emergency. The maximum permitted mass is, to a certain extent, a theoretical indicator, which is prescribed in the TCP and the certificate of registration. Often, many confuse it with the actual weight of the vehicle. The key difference between these parameters is that the permitted mass is established once and for all. In this case, the actual weight can constantly change. However, in any case, its value should not exceed the permitted mass.
Weight as a demarcation criterion
According to the permitted mass, a classification of the vehicle is carried out. Trucks are divided according to this indicator into 2 categories. The first includes vehicles with a permissible mass of not more than 3.5 tons, the second - more than 3.5 tons. The indicated figure acts as a kind of indicator of the size of cars. In this regard, trucks, the permissible mass of which is less than 3.5 tons, are included in the category, which includes cars.
Permitted weight of coupled vehicles
As the maximum allowable weight of vehicles moving as a whole, take the combination of their weight parameters. To clarify this situation, it is advisable to refer to the concepts of "trailer" and "road train". The first is a vehicle that is not equipped with a motor and is used to move in a train with a mechanical type of vehicle. Road trains are devices that are coupled to a trailer. Accordingly, if several TS are present in the composition, including those without engines, the total authorized mass will correspond to the sum of their permissible weight provided by the manufacturers.
Route vehicle
It is a technical vehicle intended for public use. This category includes buses, trams, trolleybuses. Their main function is to transport people along the established route with stops at designated places. Such vehicles are determined by the following criteria:
- Belonging to the infrastructure of passenger transportation.
- Driving on an approved route.
- Making stops at designated areas and upon request.
Specificity
It should be noted that one of the key criteria of route vehicles is the availability of a working schedule. Why is this feature particularly highlighted in the definition? The fact is that while the vehicle is not on the route, it will not be public transport. For example, a passenger GAZELLE traveling to a garage or to a parking spot after a shift is a common vehicle. There are certain concessions and privileges for public transport. For example, the driver of a route vehicle may ignore the effect of a number of prohibition or prescriptive signs. For this type of transport , special lanes are provided. They are distinguished by special markings and signs.
Vehicle purchase agreement
Many vehicle owners need to realize their car. In this case, a contract for the sale of the vehicle is drawn up. Here are some recommendations for its proper compilation. The document is filled in by hand or on a computer. Particular attention should be paid to key conditions. The contract must contain a number. For example, 01/2016. Subsequently, this number will be indicated in the TCP. The document contains the place and date of the transaction. Be sure to indicate the passport details of the seller and buyer. Information about the car must also be present in the document. They are rewritten from the certificate and TCP. The cost of the car is set by the participants in the transaction. The amount is written in numbers and words. Right before signing, the owner transfers the keys and documents, and the buyer transfers the money. In addition to the contract, a vehicle acceptance certificate is also issued.
Applications
The seller must provide:
- Original Title.
- Certificate of registration of the car.
- Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
The buyer presents:
- A document by which his identity is verified.
- CTP policy.
Buyer Tips
First of all, you should make sure that the vehicle:
- Does not act as a pledged item.
- Not a credit.
- It has no fines.
- Unlimited in registration activities.
- Not arrested.
Additionally
After signing the contract, the new owner is indicated in the TCP. Within ten days from the date of the transaction, the buyer must register the car. At the end of the specified period, the former owner can verify the fact of registration of the vehicle. In this situation, the signed contract is useful to the former owner. The citizen does not have a vehicle, but it is listed behind him - what to do in this case? The former owner has the right to terminate the registration by presenting the relevant agreement to the STSI. If the policy has not expired on the date of the transaction, the citizen has the right to return money on it. It should be borne in mind that the calculation of unused days begins with the calendar date following the day of termination of the insurance agreement.
Vehicle rental
It is regulated by the provisions of the Civil Code. The Code provides for two types of leases: with and without crew. Their definitions are given in Art. 632 and 642. The subject matter of the agreement is exclusively vehicles intended for the carriage of baggage, passengers and goods. Renting vehicles with a crew involves two obligations. One is directly related to the provision of the vehicle for use. The second concerns the provision of crew services. The differences in the regulatory regulation of these types of transactions are as follows. Obligations to operate a vehicle provided without a crew are imputed to the lessor. In the second case, they are performed by the tenant. The payment made by the user is called freight. The crew of the vehicle, which is leased, is subordinated to both the lessee and the lessor. Responsibility for causing damage to third parties is distributed depending on a number of circumstances. So, if the vehicle is provided without a crew, the tenant carries it. He may be released from liability if he proves that the damage was the result of the actions of the victim or force majeure. When renting a car with a crew, the lessor is responsible for the damage.
Conclusion
Currently, there are a huge number of vehicles of various types. Meanwhile, regardless of the category of vehicle, drivers are required to comply with traffic rules. The rules establish requirements relating not only to direct movement on roads, but also to registration and operation of vehicles. Drivers need to remember that the vehicle acts not only as a means of transportation, but also as a source of danger. In this regard, the state of the object must be given special attention. To prevent emergency situations, it is recommended to timely diagnose the machine. When making transactions, you should carefully study the documents that the seller provides. The acquirer, in turn, must register the vehicle in a timely manner.