Poisoning by poisonous plants happens quite often, since many of them have an attractive appearance and at first glance seem completely harmless. Those people who collect herbs should be very careful and follow all safety precautions. It is important for them to know where the poisonous plants grow and how they look. It is equally important to be able to provide first aid to the poisoned person. Most poisonous plants are used in medicine. One of them is bleached. Poisonous plant 30-60 cm high. Belongs to the nightshade family. Among the people, belena (see photo below) has other names: mad flickering, dentifrice, night blindness, stupor, dope grass, rabies, foolishness, scab. The Latin name of the plant is Hyoscyam us niger L. Some literature uses the English name of the plant, Henbane, which means "chick killer."
Description
Belena is a poisonous plant with a not very pleasant, intoxicating aroma. From above it is all covered with sticky hairs. The root of the plant is vertical, branched. The stalk is straight. In plants, which are no more than a year old, only a basal rosette of large-sized, ovoid-shaped leaves is developed. In the second year of life, a stalk begins to develop with stalk-bearing, coarse-toothed ovate leaves. The flower is bleached slightly irregular in shape, cream in color with purple streaks. It is a tubular bell-shaped cup with 5 teeth. Corolla is funnel-shaped, stamens are usually 5. Pestle with upper ovary and capitate stigma. Belena is a poisonous plant that blooms in the summer (June-August). Its fruit is a pitcher two-nest box. One plant has a lot of seeds, they are small, brownish-gray in color.
Spread
The poisonous plant Belena black grows mainly in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, Central Asia. Often can be found in Africa, India, China. Belena is a poisonous plant that is considered a weed. It grows in wastelands, gravels, garbage piles, near houses, in gardens and kitchen gardens. In Crimea, you can find on the outskirts of the vineyards. Belena grows in small groups or dispersedly, does not form thickets. Recently, in the Voronezh and Novosibirsk regions introduced into the industrial group.
Toxicity and chemical composition
Any part of the bleached is poisonous. The plant contains poisonous alkoloids, bitter glycoside, fatty oils, atropine groups, resins. The maximum content of poisons during the flowering period. Atropine contained in belene has a neurotoxic and psychotropic effect. For adults, the lethal dose is 100 mg of the substance, 10 mg is enough for children. Atropine is very rapidly absorbed through the skin. The substance is excreted in the urine within 14 hours. Signs of bleached poisoning are: excessive agitation, dilated pupils, redness of the skin of the face, hallucinations, dizziness, light-headedness.
The use of bleached in medicine
Despite the fact that belena is a poisonous plant, it is often used for the preparation of medicines. Remedies with bleach have a calming, analgesic and antispasmodic effect on the human body. Oil from the leaves of the plant is used for rubbing with bruises, rheumatism and gout. Belena extract is used for dysmenorrhea, cervical muscle spasms, vaginismus. In folk medicine, bleach is used to treat headaches, insomnia, melancholy, bronchitis, gastritis, with convulsions and bronchial asthma. Small doses of drugs have a therapeutic effect, large - are poison. Contraindications to the use of products containing bleach: pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance. Of the medicines that include belena (photo below), the most famous are: Astmatine and Astmatol, Kellatrin, Efatin, Aeron.
Use of bleached in other areas
With an aqueous extract, bleached stains the coat to give it a bronze hue. The evaporated juice of the plant is used in the preparation of silver-white paint. Seed oil is used in Egypt for burning. It is also used in agriculture. Plant powder, decoctions, infusions are used to destroy aphids, goldfish, spider mites, cabbage moths, herbivorous bugs. Quite often, black bleached is used in cosmetology. It is added to freckle and wrinkle creams, to shampoos and conditioners to strengthen hair.
How to harvest a bleach
So that the plant can be used all year round, it must be learned how to store it properly. The collected bleach is dried in a well-ventilated attic. Leaves are laid out in a thin (not more than 2 cm) layer, turn over from time to time. If there is an electric dryer, then the plant is dried at 40-45 degrees. In this case, the yield of finished raw materials will be no more than 18%. When collecting and shifting plants, in order to avoid poisoning, it is necessary to protect the skin of the hands with gloves. If they are not, then after work, hands are washed several times with soap.
Folk recipes from belem
With epilepsy, internal pain, rheumatism or radiculitis, alcohol tincture of bleached is very useful. For its preparation, 30 g of dry raw material is poured into a glass of alcohol (vodka, moonshine). Insist 3-4 days in a dark glass container or out of the reach of sunlight . Ready infusion is filtered. Leaves are squeezed and thrown away. Take liquid three times a day for 1-2 drops, diluted in 10 ml of water. Treatment is carried out 20 minutes before the main meal.
The following infusion is recommended for use with gastrointestinal pain. Take a teaspoon of dry ground mass and steam 500 ml of boiling water. Wrap and insist about 50 minutes. After filtering, the leaves are thrown away. Accepted as an anesthetic directly for pain three times a day, 10 ml.
With gout, neuralgia, rheumatic pains, fresh bleached leaves are soaked in ammonia (1: 1). After an hour, add vegetable oil (1: 5). The resulting product rubbed the sore spots. In case of inflammation of the oral cavity, it is useful to smoke bleached leaves like cigars, trying to hold up healing smoke in the mouth. For toothache, it is recommended to inhale the smoke from the burning bleached seed.