At the planning stage of a house or a summer house, land owners are wondering how to prevent flooding of the territory with rainfall or groundwater. In the fall during rains or in spring during the snowmelt, puddles can form on the plot, which not only interfere with movement, but also spoil the materials at the base of the foundation and walls, and also negatively affect cultivated plants.
From constant stagnation, the soil becomes waterlogged, oxygen does not enter inside. In order for the land plot not to turn into a swamp, it is necessary to deal with its drainage, which can be helped by drainage pipes, the types of which will be discussed below.
Drainage classification
In modern construction, three types of products for drainage are used, among them it should be distinguished:
- perforated polymers;
- ceramic;
- asbestos-cement.
The last two are rarely used, as they have some disadvantages, namely:
- impressive weight;
- complex installation process;
- low operational characteristics;
- expensive styling;
- short term of operation.
Heavy weight can complicate the installation, as well as transportation and unloading / loading of materials. Installation works using ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes are accompanied by certain difficulties. Masters must have special skills, in addition, a lot of time is spent on work. A system built using such products clogs pretty quickly. The service life is short and reaches 30 years.
Why you should choose a plastic type of drainage pipes
Polyethylene drainage pipes (GOST 32413-2013) have many advantages, such as:
- long term of operation;
- high strength;
- corrosion resistance;
- light weight;
- self-cleaning ability;
- low cost;
- variety of standard sizes.
About 60 years are ready to serve such pipes. They have two walls, as well as additional stiffeners, which contribute to the distribution of loads. The material in their basis is not subject to corrosion and is resistant to aggressive environments. It is easy to transport due to its light weight, as well as installation.
Inside, the plastic pipes are very smooth, so they rarely clog. You can buy them at a low cost, and you can not spend money on installation work. This makes plastic drainage pipes even more attractive.
Varieties of plastic pipes for drainage
Before proceeding with the choice of the diameter of the drainage pipe, it is necessary to understand the main varieties. If we are talking about plastic products, then they can be made of:
- polypropylene;
- polyethylene;
- PVC
The most common is the latter type of pipe, which happens:
- flexible single-layer or two-layer;
- naked or with a filter shell.
Flexible pipes are available in bobbins, and their length can reach 50 m. Rigid PVC pipes have a length ranging from 6 to 12 m. As for the presence of a filter sheath, it can be made of coconut fiber or geotissue. Polypropylene drainage pipes, the diameter of which will be mentioned in the article, are not much inferior to those described above in popularity. They can be corrugated or smooth, and their minimum diameter is 50 mm. Such products should be selected taking into account the stiffness class.
Drain Diameter
Before starting work on laying the drainage system of the site, it is important to choose the diameter of the drainage pipe. The system performance will depend on this parameter. If it is necessary to drain water in large volumes, it is required to use pipes of impressive diameter, which reaches 300 or 400 mm. But for domestic needs, drainage pipes of 200 mm are suitable.
The most popular are products with a diameter of 110 mm. By purchasing pipes of small size, you will receive products wound around bays. But if it comes to an impressive size, then pipes with such parameters are sold in segments. In order to determine the diameter, it is necessary to take into account the features of the terrain, among them:
- filtration coefficient;
- soil type;
- degree of hydration;
- inflow volume;
- freezing.
For example, if you need to drain an area with an area of 400 m 2 , you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. The radius of coverage of groundwater in this case will be 5 m. In addition, you can install a geotextile fabric, which will allow for filtering from debris.
Choosing a drainage pipe with a diameter of 400 mm, you will need to prepare a trench for it, the width of which is 40 cm wider than the mentioned parameter. This indicates that the pit should be 800 mm wide.
For large areas, 200 mm pipes are excellent. At the same time, they must be deepened by 8 m, taking into account the pressure of the soil. Diameters between 315 and 425 mm are shaft diameters and are necessary for the construction of wells. They withstand maximum loads, have a long service life and have high anti-corrosion properties.
Purpose of drainage pipes
Drainage pipes with a diameter of 300 mm can be single-layer. They are designed for laying to a depth of 2 m. But if we are talking about two-layer products, they are able to undergo loads at a depth of 10 m. A 300 mm pipe is used to drain excess water in industrial and civil construction during the construction and arrangement of parking lots , sports fields, airports and garden sites.
To service such systems, inspection wells are installed , which should be located on straight sections with a step within 50 m. Such revisions are also necessary at intersections, turns, transitions from one pipe diameter to another and when the angle of inclination changes.
On sale you can find 200 mm drainage pipes. They are mainly used in the construction of airfields and sports facilities, as well as in a summer cottage, cottage and road facilities. Such pipes are perfect for landscape design of the territory.
Appointment of pipes with a large diameter
Large diameter drainage pipes, as with other parameters, are intended to protect the site and the house from mold and freezing, high humidity, as well as flooding and decay of plants. Thanks to such systems, puddles and ice will not form on asphalt and footpaths.
Pipes can be plastic, pottery or asbestos-cement. Large diameter drainage pipes are used when it is necessary to divert an impressive amount of groundwater. Pipes can be positioned at the foundation level. This is due to the fact that a large amount of water is collected here, it can have a negative impact on any structure.
Additionally, the diameter of the pipes "Perfokor" and "Logistics"
Special attention should be paid to the material that forms the basis of the Perfokor drainage pipes. High modulus polyethylene is used for them, to which minerals are added. These pipes, thanks to a similar manufacturing technology, gain increased stiffness characteristics.
The diameter of the drainage pipe in this case most often has the following values: 110, 160 and 200 mm. If necessary, you can purchase products and a more impressive diameter - 400 mm. The pipe may also have a rectangular flat shape; it is supplied in bays. In this case, we are talking about products "Logistics".
They are made of low pressure polyethylene and have reinforcing internal elements, which are possible only in rectangular pipes. The main advantage of such pipes is their compactness. Such drainage pipes for sewerage, having a diameter within 110 mm, occupy only 2.5 times more space during transportation and storage compared to flat pipes of the same size.
Features of drainage pipes
When choosing drainage pipes, you will notice that they have some features expressed in partial or complete perforation. This affects many of the characteristics of the system. Complete perforation involves holes that are 60 ° apart from each other in a circle. This indicates that the cross section has 6 holes with a diameter of 1.3 mm. Three holes will be at the top of the pipe with partial perforation.
To protect the holes from clogging, they are made between the corrugations connected by stiffeners. The latter allow you to distribute the load on the product as evenly as possible, which affects its durability. Terms of use of drains provide for the use of certain models of pipes, each of them is designed for the high-quality performance of its tasks. For this reason, it is necessary to determine why drainage works are carried out on the site, as well as which pipes to choose for this.
Finally
In addition to the above, it can be added that a two-layer pipe with excellent strength characteristics is ideal for deep laying. Designs with a filter layer are intended for use in those places where there is a possibility of clogging and siltation of the system with sand and small particles of soil. Such products can save money, because you do not have to additionally purchase geotextiles or coconut.