Methods of state and municipal management are techniques and methods of targeted influence on participants in managerial interactions. Through these techniques, a function is implemented and the tasks are solved. Public administration methods are applied when exercising influence on society as a whole, and on its individual components, in particular, in the process of implementing state powers to streamline emerging social relations.
It should be noted that when choosing techniques and methods there can be no predetermination. To ensure the successful implementation of powers, even the same, but in different conditions, different methods of government are needed. This leads to a constant search for the most suitable means in a particular case. So, for example, for some situations it will be enough to apply a recommendation or criticism. At that time, as in another case, even severe punishment will not be enough. Of great importance in this case is the expediency, professionalism of the manager, legal opportunities, and willingness to solve problems. The psychological mood of the subordinate object is also important.
Public administration methods are applied on behalf of the state, endowed with an official character and are used in the established strict procedural order. This is the main difference between these techniques from others.
Methods of government are divided into two main groups in accordance with those who are directed to whom the impact is addressed. So, there are techniques that ensure the organization of the functioning of the regulatory apparatus and methods that provide an impact on external objects.
The methods of public administration related to the first category are mainly reduced to the methods and techniques by which the preparation and decision-making is carried out. These include, in particular, methods of researching certain situations, analysis and collection of sociological, statistical and other data, the use of techniques for the scientific study of the situation, and others. This category also includes methods of moral or material incentives for employees, educational tools, means of applying sanctions and ensuring control.
The content of the second group is determined in accordance with the status of the target. According to this, management can be carried out by direct influence on a subordinate (subordinate) object, by coordinating the activities of different sectors of managerial interactions, by establishing relationships between different entities during the implementation of agreements and contracts on the basis of consolidating the general procedure for carrying out activities. This group should also include such methods as counseling, coordination, and others.
There are also methods of subsidiary, decentralized and centralized management.
The centralized (subordinate) impact is applied by the authorities on the circle of objects of jurisdiction and within the framework of the relevant competence. This area includes the area of state property management, protection of state security and national interests, determination of the subjects of competence of the state and its subjects. The methods used include prohibition, authorization, blaming, coercion.
Dispositive (decentralized) impact allows the use of various coordination methods. At the same time, management is carried out through the conclusion of agreements, contracts, and the adoption of joint decisions.
Subsidiary (indirect) influence is complementary to traditional forms of management.