The correct formation of the personality of the child is not only the task of parents. Educators should also take an active part in its decision.
Introduction of new learning standards
In 2013/14, all preschool institutions switched to work according to new standards (GEF). The reason for this step was the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (No. 1155, 2013) on the need to make adjustments to the work of children in the field of cognitive-speech development of children.
What is the purpose of GEF in kindergarten?
The speech development of preschool children according to the GEF is recognized as a means to master the basics of communication as part of the cultural heritage of the nation, as well as the constant replenishment of the vocabulary, the formation of a competent, coherent monological and dialogical conversation. To achieve it, you will need creativity, the formation of an intonational and sound culture of dialogue, competent phonetic hearing, the study of children's literature, the child’s ability to distinguish between different genres. The speech development of preschool children according to the Federal State Educational Standard (6-7 years) forms the prerequisites for further training in reading and writing.
Objectives of Preschool Education
The speech development of preschoolers according to GEF poses the following tasks: the formation of not only the right conversation, but also the thinking of the baby. The monitoring results indicate that in recent years the number of preschool children with significant impairments in the ability to speak correctly has increased.
It is important to timely formulate the speech of preschoolers, take care of its purity, prevent and correct problems that are considered deviations from generally accepted rules and norms of the Russian language.
The tasks of preschool education (GEF)
The speech development of preschool children in the GEF (goals and objectives are briefly discussed above) is carried out in several directions:
- enriching the cognitive sphere of preschool children with the necessary information through classes, observations, experimental activities;
- filling emotional and sensory experience in the course of communication with phenomena, objects, different people;
- systematization of information about surrounding events, the formation of an idea of the unity of the material world;
- nurturing a caring attitude to nature, consolidating positive emotions;
- the creation of conditions that will help to identify and support the interests of the preschooler, the possibility of their manifestation of independence in speech activity;
- supporting the formation of cognitive processes in babies.
The work of the teacher on GEF
The main task of any educator is the speech development of preschool children according to GEF. Thanks to him, the initial formation of the child's communicative skills takes place. The full-fledged implementation of this goal is the formation by the end of preschool age of universal communication of the baby with the people who surround him. An older preschooler should easily talk with representatives of society that are different in age, social status, gender.
The speech development of preschool children in the Federal State Educational Standard (6-7 years) presupposes knowledge of the oral Russian language, orientation in the course of communication to the interlocutor, the ability to select different forms and perceive the content of the conversation.
Directions for the development of the preschool child on GEF
According to new standards, kindergartens are required to provide preschool children with the following areas of development:
- cognitive;
- socio-communicative;
- artistic and aesthetic;
- speech;
- physical.
About the features of cognitive development
GEF involves the division of cognitive-speech development into two separate areas.
Cognitive development means the formation of curiosity, the development of interest, activity in learning from preschool children. The task is to form a consciousness of a preschooler, develop initial ideas about other people, about yourself, about different objects around, relationships, properties of objects (color, shape, rhythm, sound, material, part, quantity, whole, time, peace, space, movement, consequences, reasons).
The cognitive development of preschool children according to GEF helps to shape the love of their Motherland in kids. Classes form an idea of the cultural values of the people, traditions, as well as national holidays, help to improve the understanding of the planet Earth, natural processes, phenomena, the diversity of peoples and countries.
The specifics of speech development of preschoolers
The speech development of preschool children according to the GEF in the 1st junior group poses the task of mastering speech as an essential tool for culture and communication. Also, classes help kids enrich their vocabulary and form a phonetic ear.
What points should be taken into account by educators planning the speech development of preschoolers?
According to the Federal State Educational Standard, in the preschool period, with the help of cognitive culture, the child develops primary ideas about the world around him. As they grow, the image of the world in babies changes. Do not forget that the path of knowledge and development in a small person is significantly different from the ideas of adults who are able to perceive the surrounding phenomena and objects with their own intelligence, while children get acquainted with different phenomena through emotions. Adults prefer to process information without paying due attention to human relationships. Preschoolers can not quickly and efficiently process a large flow of knowledge, so for them relationships between people play a very big role.
Features of the development of a three-year-old baby
For a three-year-old child, the detailed content of reality acts as the basis of worldview. The world of children of this age is specific individual objects, objects, phenomena. Cognition of the world is carried out according to the principle: what I see, I use it, I know it. The child looks at objects from different angles. He is interested in the external (Who? What?), Internal (Why? How?) Characteristics of the subject. At this age, he is not able to independently comprehend various hidden parameters. The speech development of preschool children according to the GEF in the first younger group is aimed at helping in the process of learning new things, phenomena, and searching for the relationship between individual natural processes.
Features of the development of the baby of the second younger group
Kids of the second younger group are able to establish dependencies and the first connections between phenomena and objects, correlate the internal and external characteristics of things, analyze the significance of individual ones for human life. The full-fledged speech development of preschool children according to the GEF in the second younger group allows the kids of this group to communicate with each other, learn to talk with adults.
Features of the development of a four-year-old baby
At the age of four, personality formation undergoes significant changes caused by physiological processes occurring in the cerebral cortex, modifications of mental reactions, as well as an increased degree of mastery of speech. There is an accumulation of a full supply of information about the phenomena that happen around a child. The speech development of preschoolers is very important. According to GEF, the middle group is the period when the perception of information at the verbal level is activated. Children begin to learn, understand various interesting information about the world around them. This age presupposes the formation of electoral interests among preschoolers, and therefore a special development program is needed.
Features of the development of a five year old baby
At this age, the child already has an accumulated amount of information about objects, phenomena, the world around him, it is important to replenish it in a timely manner. The constant speech development of preschool children according to GEF at this age makes it possible to move on to elementary primary acquaintance with such concepts as “symbol”, “time”, “sign”. They will be very important in further preparation for school.
The teacher introduces such concepts by carrying out the speech development of preschool children according to the GEF. His tasks are to interest the baby. For example, to form certain characters, children work with the globe, traffic signs, months, climate zones, group icons. A serious topic at this age is Time. While the child has no idea what the term means. He is poorly guided by what day it is today, and also when this or that event occurred. It is important for him to correctly and intelligibly explain what tomorrow, today and yesterday are.
The speech development of preschool children according to the GEF is aimed at compiling stories about time, a calendar. The teacher, introducing these concepts to the kids, creates a real “corner of the past” in the group. As a result, preschoolers deepen and expand their ideas about inanimate, living nature, the relationship between them. It is important that educators help their wards, guide them in a complex process of cognition, together establish causal relationships, and contribute to a positive attitude towards the outside world.
An important point affecting the formation of cognitive characteristics of a child is the presence of motivation. The development of the ability of a preschooler to learn directly depends on the ability to quickly absorb the information received. This is the speech development of preschool children according to GEF. The program "From birth to school" is the key to the successful formation of the baby. The speech of a child at preschool age develops very quickly - for a six-year-old, a “bank” of 4000 words is considered normal.
Ways to create a learning environment for preschoolers
To ensure the formation of the personality of preschoolers, it is important in all
age groups to create a developing subject-spatial environment.
GEF DO has clear requirements that enhance interest among preschoolers. According to standards, a developing subject-spatial environment must be multifunctional, transformable, saturated, accessible, varied, and safe. By saturation, it fully corresponds to the age characteristics of children, as well as the content of the educational program.
One of the main conditions in the process of creating a developing spatial-objective environment is the full compliance of the material with the age of the kids. It is important and difficult to implement. Federal State Educational Standards presuppose an individual approach to each child, which is fully able to provide only the most experienced teacher with significant experience with young children.
It is important to realize that in each subsequent group the child must develop the skills acquired earlier, this is the basis for modern educational programs for preschool children.
To summarize
Children aged 3-5 years, who are at the stage of transition from playing activities, should receive from the environment the chances of developing basic skills. The patterns of development of memory, thinking, speech, attention require the creation of an environment of objective activity (game situations), as well as the conditions for the development and upbringing of the personality.
In the younger group, preschoolers should have a variety of activities, there must be a connection between the game and learning. Educators of younger groups are obliged to apply game, group, and subject classes in their work.
The middle group involves a smooth transition from gaming to academic pursuits.
In the older group, the role-playing game is of great importance, to which special requirements are made. The teacher is obliged to form a subject-developing environment, to motivate preschool children to cognitive activity.
In the preparatory group, teaching methods are used that comply with the Federal State Educational Standard, helping to prepare children for school. Success in further education will depend on the level of preparation of preschoolers.