The Russian Federation is a multinational, social, secular state with a republican form of government and a federal way of organization. Accordingly, the subject is one of the constituent parts of the country. In general, this concept is used to indicate the carrier of any activity in all areas of activity.
A bit of history
Our country has a multi-level power system. This is due to many conditions and prevailing historical traditions. In the days of the Russian Empire, there was no federal state; in its structure, it was a unitary entity, but to some extent, national and religious particularities were still taken into account. The empire was replaced by the era of the RSFSR at first, already from the very name of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, it becomes clear that the method of state structure has changed significantly, and then the USSR, which was also based on federal principles. Federal subject - this is what the legal status of national republics was called, such as the Ukrainian SSR, Kazakh SSR , etc. However, due to the peculiar political regime, many researchers define it as totalitarian. In the Soviet Union, subjective rights remained only on paper, and in essence the USSR was a unitary state.
Fundamentals of the state organization of our country
According to the Constitution, modern Russia is also a country with federal principles of organization consisting of 83 equal subjects. Federal constitutional laws clearly establish the entire system of hierarchical legal and political powers of the systemic parts of our country. Current Russian legislation determines that the subject is a full-fledged element of legal relations arising from the use of power. So, based on this logic, each region of the country has a certain autonomy, which implies the presence of its own authorities in the face of the current governors and heads of republics. In addition, they all have legislative bodies of power; in different parts of Russia they can be called differently. On top of this, the subject is a certain state paraphernalia and symbolism in the form of a flag, coat of arms, Constitution or Charter. In this form, the Russian Federation (Russia) appears.
Relationship Nuances
Now we will examine in more detail the differentiation of the spheres of competence of the Federation and its subjects. The three-level system of power is the following scheme: the federal authorities are at the top level, the regional authorities are at the second stage, and finally, local self-government is at the bottom, and it should be borne in mind that the last stage is not included in the structure of state power and is a special phenomenon of civil society. It is clear that for all relations arising in society, normative acts are issued to regulate them. All laws issued in Russia can be divided by their sphere of action into general and regional. At the same time, the areas of competence of Russia and its components are clearly delineated, as well as the objects of joint jurisdiction. The subject of the law, i.e. the legislative body conducting legislative activity, in our case, is the State Duma and similar institutes of the regions of the Russian Federation.
The ratio of regional and federal legal component
General laws are valid throughout the country, and not a single normative act of a subject of the Federation can contradict them, otherwise it is subject to repeal. On issues of mutual management of the center and the region, various legislative acts are also adopted. But if the legal regulation is carried out outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, as well as the joint solidarity of the Russian Federation and the constituent part of the state, in case of contradictions between federal and local law, the latter will prevail. Thus, the subject is a state, but with the limited powers that it delegates to the central authorities.