Standard concrete structures do a great job with compression forces. For guaranteed compensation of tensile loads, anchor reinforcement is required. To minimize the likelihood of corrosion of steel elements, products are placed at a distance of 2 to 7 centimeters from the outer surface. Specialists call this approach a protective layer. In columnar and strip foundations, reinforcing cages are actively used, as well as floating plates with a universal mesh. Sites of complex modification are necessarily reinforced with individual rods.
Description
Pre-stressed reinforced concrete structures and other similar products are characterized in that the reinforced tensioned to high performance is included in the work even in the manufacturing process. In other cases, metal parts perceive forces from external influences. In prestressed products, reinforcement anchoring is actively used. Only in this case, professional builders can provide a high degree of reliability during the entire operational period. In most cases, the most effective is the anchoring, in which you can minimize the total cost and complexity of the work.
During tensioning on the stops, several varieties of reinforcement are necessarily used:
- strong wire of a periodic profile;
- ropes of two strands;
- hot-rolled bar reinforcement of a periodic profile, which is in greatest demand today.
Characteristic
Professional anchor reinforcement in concrete can be carried out in a variety of ways. Experts themselves identify several key varieties:
- The use of various loops, hooks and paws.
- Sturdy rebar protrusions (exclusively straight products).
- The use of auxiliary steel products that differ in cross-section.
- Universal fixtures mounted exclusively at the ends of fittings.
Regardless of the length of anchoring of reinforcing bars according to the joint venture, fixing in concrete of straight elements can be used for construction workpieces with a periodic profile. The contractor of such works needs to understand that the maximum adhesion of reinforced concrete and metal are observed only if at the initial stage the optimal strength characteristics of the solution were achieved. The reliability of fixation directly depends on whether there is transverse compression in the system.
Anchoring of reinforcement in slabs can boast of optimal performance only if transverse compression is not provided in the system. Hooks are acceptable for those construction situations when the main steel billet is absolutely smooth. The pads are mounted exclusively on rods that are periodic in profile.
Product Parameters
To calculate the anchoring, experts use a number of mandatory indicators. Otherwise, it will be difficult to achieve the desired result. The main operating parameter is the length of anchor reinforcement in concrete. All the nuances are determined with particular care. The final termination length is set by the designers with the utmost care. For these purposes, special graphics can be used. The experts took into account the class of reinforcement, as well as the total voltage in the bar.
Used devices
For classic bar reinforcement made of hot rolled steel, anchors in the form of shorts, welded washers, threaded tips (classic nuts), embedded parts are most often used. Each part is distinguished by its technical characteristics. If the anchor product is located at a slight angle, then a slight indentation in the concrete must be provided. The protrusions will be appropriate if the overall design does not have restrictions on neighboring elements and technological equipment. If all these features are present, then recesses should be used.
When reinforcement anchoring is located above the concrete surface, the product may be exposed to the negative effects of corrosion. To prevent negative consequences and premature destruction of the structure, the metal mesh must be covered with a layer of concrete.
Correct calculation
In order to anchor reinforcement in concrete slabs, it is necessary to take into account all the construction nuances. The calculation of the operation of embossing steel products is mastered by studying the following indicators:
- Maximum strength of reinforced concrete.
- The indicator of stress on the clutch.
- A kind of anchoring.
- Profile of used reinforcement.
- Depth and length of the bookmark steel parts.
- Cross section of the rods.
A simplified method of calculating important indicators (length, depth) allows the craftsmen to perform high-quality all construction work in the shortest possible time. For these purposes, you can use a special table, which includes various indicators. You can study all the necessary data using a computer program. If you enter all the data, then in the end you can get a comprehensive calculation of anchoring.
Rods and Cores
Experts are accustomed to anchoring those bundles that consist of 12, 18 and 24 wires. The final technology directly depends on the degree of tension of the reinforcement on the stops or concrete. If builders use double-acting hydraulic jacks, then devices in the form of steel plugs and blocks developed on the basis of NIIIZhB will look appropriate.
In the process of manufacturing wedges and plugs, experts resort to heat treatment of the material, as this allows several times to increase the hardness of steel. The modern production of sleeve and sleeve anchors is based on the use of bundles, ropes, strands. Experts have high demands on the physicomechanical properties of steel. For rods and cores, manufacturers use more durable material, due to which there is no need to produce bulk products.
Purpose of reinforcement
Under normal operating conditions, tapes and slabs undergo characteristic compression at the top. The strength characteristics of concrete are 50 times higher than tensile strength. Anchor sole reinforcement with steel bars avoids foundation damage and subsequent crack opening. Due to this, the design is able to withstand much greater tensile loads. With winter bloating, the situation changes dramatically. Soil tends to push the foundation to the surface. If clay soils are oversaturated with water, then during freezing they increase in volume. The final direction of forces is changing (compression at the sole, stretching in the basement).