Flooring with a wooden board is mainly made in houses built from the same material, but such a coating is perfect for an apartment, for a block house, and also helps in the formation of a normal microclimate. Laying does not cause any special difficulties, as this is an easy process that does not require special skills. Before starting work, it is advisable to study the theoretical part and pay attention to important aspects.
Concrete floor
In private homes, this option of coating formation has become most widespread. Wooden flooring can be used both for the basement or the first floor with a location on a soil basis, and for the floor on the second and subsequent floors with overlapping beams. The design changes significantly if reinforced concrete slabs or concrete screed are used as the base, modification is also possible to simplify installation and reduce the overall cost.
General rules
Carrying out the work is optimal at the end of the heating season due to the connection of wood moisture and ambient air. At this time, the probability of moisture absorption by the boards is reduced. If you need a wooden flooring device in the summer, you need to choose the moment when there will be dry and sunny weather for a long time. The involved lumber, like the wood used in construction, must be treated with flame retardants and antiseptic agents.
Humidity, most suitable for installation and use of the floor, is approximately 60%. With an increase in this indicator, the wood begins to deform and become damp, and if the humidity is too low, it will crack. The optimum room temperature is at least +8 degrees.
The underfloor space must be sufficiently ventilated, for this special holes are provided in the basement. In the place of contact of the lag with the columns, a double layer of roofing material is laid, so that rotting of the material can be avoided.
Material
The floor can be formed from the following materials:
- folded board;
- glued beam;
- sheet materials (plywood, chipboard);
- unedged board.
The last two options are used for the subfloor, which implies the subsequent installation of the topcoat. The creation of the finishing is carried out from glued beams and folded boards. They are varnished or painted, becoming the basis. It is desirable that the board was solid and consistent with the width of the room. Cedar, larch and pine became the most widespread, deciduous species are not so popular. On average, prices for wooden flooring are in the range from 300 to 1600 rubles per square meter.
Preparatory work
When laying on the base of the soil, it is necessary to ensure tight fixing of the lag. In addition, due attention is paid to thermal insulation and waterproofing of the underground space. To prepare the base around the perimeter of the room, a layer of soil is removed, the thickness of which should be a value that allows you to make a depression below the soil level near the house by 25 cm. Then crushed stone and river sand are poured. Each layer in turn is wetted with water and firmly crushed.
Several brick pillars are being built on a sandy basis to support the lag. The pillar width is basically two bricks. They are placed during construction on the mortar and placed at the same level along the upper edge. A fixed and stretched mesh on the walls or a laser device are used to check the level. At least two posts are required for each log, this should be taken into account when distributing them. With a considerable length, an additional column can be added. The distance between the supports is calculated in accordance with the dimensions of the board and the estimated weight transferred to them. Calculations can be carried out independently, starting from GOSTs, in case of difficulties, a construction engineer or a specialized organization will help.
For a residential building, boards with a size of 50 x 100 mm, which are installed at a distance of 60 cm, are suitable as lags. Posts are fixed on the sides, an intermediate one is used if the length of the lag is more than 3 meters.
Floor beams
There is no need for preparatory work when installing on floor beams, so you can immediately start flooring with a wooden board. A waterproofing layer is laid on top of them, which is roofing sheets. Logs are placed on plates with a width of 3-4 cm and secured with anchors on the posts. Thanks to the used plates, it is possible to bring the face into a common plane. Initially, two lags with extreme support on each are mounted at different ends of the room. They are displayed at the required level with the accuracy of the installation with the help of a level of water, bubble or laser type.
Level Definition: Details
The best option is to preliminary draw a line around the perimeter in a meter from the future floor and then compare the position of the lag with this level. In such works, the bubble level has less reliability and often, due to low accuracy, gives an incorrect result. The line should be stretched flush with the lags located at the edges. Based on it, the remaining elements are mounted. To create a rough coating, the same bars are packed along the bottom of the lag. If they are on poles and have a soil base, the bars are attached across them over the entire area of the room at a distance of 50-70 cm from each other. Self-tapping screws or nails are used to fasten the bars.
After cutting the elements of the rough coating of sheet material or unedged boards . They are located on the bars between the lags.
DPB technology
Recently, a new technique has been created, thanks to which the design of wooden flooring is simplified. Due to it, such problems as deformation, shrinkage and cracks are eliminated.
The main part of the technology is a hollow type block assembled from elements that are otstrugivayut from varietal materials with a small diameter. Such a unit is a structure consisting of two bars, tightly fixed by partitions. There is a free cavity between the frequent structures.
Warming
Wood flooring requires insulation with a material having high vapor permeability. You can use basalt plates and mineral wool. Thermal insulation does not cause difficulties when placing logs at a distance of 600 mm. Precise cutting of the material by the size of the gaps is not allowed. It is necessary to tightly insert the strips so that free gaps do not appear. For normal ventilation, a small space should remain between the bars and the heat insulator. Sound insulation is also part of the function of the insulating material. Before making a wooden flooring, a vapor-waterproofing membrane is laid on the logs. Stripes with an overlap of at least 25 cm are spread. Using adhesive tape, joints are glued. The vapor barrier layer, depending on the embodiment, is fixed with brackets or rails. The floor covering material affects the fixing method.
A special board of wooden flooring with a ventilation hole does not require compulsory stuffing of slats.
Concrete base: preparatory work
It takes much less time and effort to equip a wooden flooring on a concrete structure with your own hands, since the base is ready and the logs can be fastened as often as necessary, thereby reducing bending weight. So, it makes no sense to use a log with a large cross section. A beam of 50 x 50 is optimally suited as the main material. Logs are fixed with construction pins with a diameter of up to 10 mm. The pin in the lower part is limited by the nut, along with the washer it sets the level of the end face of the log on the lower side.
Holes for studs are drilled in the bars, which are fastened every 60 cm according to the installation level of the lag. The holes in the upper part must have sufficient expansion to accommodate the nuts and washers for fasteners.
At the opposite ends of the room two logs are mounted and placed with the help of studs on a level. The installation of the rest is determined by the fishing line located between them. The angle grinder removes the excess sticking parts of the studs. Then you can start flooring your wooden floor with your own hands using sheet materials or flooring. If it is a leveling intermediate element for the finish coating, then the use of plywood will become rational.
Stacking
Installation of boards is done on pre-prepared logs. The first board is fixed parallel to the entrance near the window. There should be free space between the array and the wall. Fastening is possible using nails with a length several times the width of the boards, or self-tapping screws, the dimensions of which are two thicknesses. Nails are driven at an angle into the grooves at the ends. After mounted several rows of boards. An ordinary steel bracket is inserted into the logs with a slight deviation.
Between the stacked wood and the bracket, wooden wedges are used to increase the density of joints. The material is fixed with nails. So the floor is covered until the very end, as well as the wooden flooring of bridges.
If the floor width exceeds the length of one board, they must be cut so that in one row the ends are in the center of the log. Planks are installed in adjacent rows in a checkerboard pattern.
The selection of neighboring boards is carried out taking into account the direction of the annual rings - they should go in different directions. The last board is installed at a distance of 15 mm from the wall. To close the gaps when completing work, skirting boards are used. To increase ventilation under the floor, the skirting board is fixed to one wall with an indent of at least 10 mm. After a few weeks, it can be replaced with a regular one. To protect wooden flooring from moisture under them during cleaning, you can use low rails installed around the perimeter of rectangular small holes in two corners of the room.
Final elements
For laying sheet material, additional fastening of the jumpers between the lags is required to increase the strength of the installation over the entire area. There are no other differences in the installation of the floor. At the end, wooden floorings are scored, sanded and coated with paint or varnish. It is possible to use putty on wood to seal existing cracks, due to the content of drying oil in the composition, it is not susceptible to cracking. Rare wood species can be simulated by tinting technology. You can also add a matte, pleasant sheen to the surface with a special wax or oil. After the coating has dried, the floor is ready for use.