Speech sounds are obtained due to a whole complex of kinema (movements of articulatory organs). The correct pronunciation of all kinds of sounds largely depends on the strength, mobility, as well as the differentiated work of the organs of the articulation apparatus. That is, the pronunciation of speech sounds is a rather difficult motor skill, which will help to develop articulation exercises.
The main goals of articulation gymnastics
You can observe how the baby makes various (facial and articulatory) movements with his tongue, jaw and lips. At the same time, characteristic sounds are reproduced - babble and mumble. This is the first stage in the development of speech of each person. It is of great importance. In children, such movements are developed and develop gradually. They need strength, accuracy and differentiation.
A set of exercises of articulatory gymnastics will help to develop and develop full-fledged movements, which is important for the correct reproduction of speech sounds.
Articulatory gymnastics consists of a huge number of exercises aimed at training the mobility of organs, practicing various positions of the lips, soft palate and tongue.
Recommendations
First, articulatory gymnastics should be performed every day. This contributes to the quality assimilation and consolidation of the skills developed in children. It is recommended to do articulation exercises three or four times a day, for about 5 minutes. No need to load the child with a lot of new exercises at once. It is enough at a time 2-3 exercises.
Secondly, the exercise is performed not once, but several times (about five). Static exercises should be done for 10-15 seconds.
Thirdly, it is necessary to competently approach the selection of exercises and take into account the traditional sequence: from simple to complex. It is better to carry out articulation exercises for children 3-4 years old in a playful way, fun and emotionally.
Fourth, new exercises must be introduced gradually, one at a time. We must not forget to repeat and consolidate the material. You should not start new exercises if previous tasks are not performed very well. You can practice the old material with new game tricks.
And fifth, articulating gymnastics is best done while sitting. In this position, the children do not strain the body, arms and legs. It will be easier for children to complete new tasks if they see themselves and the leader. This will require a wall mirror. You can start gymnastics with exercises for the lips.
Organizing time
When explaining a new exercise, an adult should use playing techniques as much as possible. Then there is a visual demonstration. Then, under the control of an adult, the child performs it.
When children perform articulation exercises, it is important to control the quality of movements. It is important to consider the symmetry of both sides of the face. Without this, articulatory gymnastics is absolutely meaningless.
Each exercise needs to be approached creatively.
At first the movements will be tense. Gradually they will become more free, organic and coordinated.
The complex of articulation exercises should include both static and dynamic tasks.
Lip exercises
There are a huge number of them. It:
- Smile - lips are kept in a smile, teeth should not be visible.
- Proboscis - lips are pulled forward by a long tube.
- Fence - a smile with closed teeth.
- Bagel - round and stretch your lips forward. At the same time, the teeth should be closed.
- Rabbit - exercise is performed with closed teeth. Lift the upper lip while exposing the corresponding incisors.
Tasks for the development of lip mobility
Articulation exercises for children should also be aimed at developing lip mobility. It:
- Scratching and biting the teeth of both lips.
- Pull lips forward with a tube. Then stretch them into a smile.
- Pull lips out with a straw. Rotate them in a circular motion, move left and right.
- Introduce yourself as a fish that is talking. Clap your lips together.
- Take the nasolabial fold of the upper lip with two fingers of one hand, and the lower lip with the thumb and forefinger of the other. Stretch them up and down.
- "Kiss". The cheeks are pulled inward, after which the mouth suddenly opens with a characteristic sound.
- "Duck". Massage the extended lips with your fingers, trying to portray the beak. In this case, the thumbs of both hands should be under the lower lip, and the other on the upper lip.
- "Dissatisfied horse." Try to sound like a horse's snort.
Static and dynamic exercises for the tongue
High-quality articulation exercises for children are impossible without hard work. Among the static exercises, the following can be distinguished:
- Chicks. Open your mouth wide, while the tongue lies still.
- Spatula. The mouth should be open, stick out the tongue, relax it and in a wide position lower it onto the lower lip.
- Cup. Open your mouth wide. Stick out the tongue while lifting the front and side edges. The tongue should not touch the teeth.
- The sting. Pull forward a narrow tight tongue.
- Slide. Raise the back of the tongue, while the tip should abut against the lower incisors.
- The tube. Bend up the side edges of the tongue.
- Fungus. Suck tongue to the palate.
The complex of articulation exercises should include dynamic tasks:
- Pendulum. Open your mouth slightly and stretch your lips into a smile. The tip of the tongue alternately touch the corners of the mouth.
- Football. The mouth should be closed. Tense tongue alternately rest against one or the other cheek.
- Teeth cleaning. Close your mouth. Trace the tongue in a circle between the teeth and lips.
- A horse. Suck the tongue to the sky, then click the tongue. To clatter strongly and slowly.
- Tasty jam. Open your mouth and lick your upper lip with your tongue.
Articulation exercises for the sound "p"
The first exercise is called "Whose teeth are cleaner." To do this, you should open your mouth wide and from the inside of the upper teeth to make movements (left-right) with the tip of the tongue.
The second is the “Painter”. Open your mouth, stretch your lips in a smile. Make the tip of the tongue move back and forth on the palate.
Third - "Who will drive the ball further." Exercise is done on a smile. Make the language wide. Put its edge on the lower lip and try to pronounce the sound “f” for a long time. Then put cotton wool on the table and blow it on the opposite side.
These are just some of the articulation exercises for the sound "p", which will help to develop the correct movement of the tongue, its mobility, lifting, etc.
The tasks presented in the article will help strengthen and develop certain skills in children. Articulation exercises require a competent and creative adult approach. Be sure to perform them in a playful way, do not forget to say the names of each of them, which will cause direct associations. And then the children will be interested in performing a variety of exercises.