Oil cans, oil cans are the most “folk” mushrooms. They grow almost everywhere, and you can harvest from the beginning of summer until the end of autumn. Although these mushrooms are very wormy, they are still loved the most. After all, you can cook many dishes from them, they are pickled, fried, dried and stewed.
Maslyats are assigned to the department of basidiomycetes and the class of agaricomycetes. They got their name because of the sticky coating on the hat. At the same time, even after cooking, the mushroom looks as if its hat was oiled.
Hat
The mushrooms of butterfish or nipples have a hat of medium or small size. Its shape is hemispherical; mushrooms with conical hats are found. After full ripening, it opens and slightly resembles a small pillow. The maximum diameter is 15 centimeters.
The main difference of the mushroom cap from other species is that it is oily, with a very thin skin. It is covered with mucus if moist weather is established, some species have a velvety surface. The color of the skin of the mushrooms varies from yellow to brown, there may be spots. The color of the hat depends not only on the species, but also on the illumination of the place where the mushroom grows.
Pulp, hymenophore and bedspread
The disputed layer or gimenofor has a tubular shape. As a rule, yellowish shades begin to darken as they age.
The mushroom pulp is very soft and dense. Most often white, possibly with a yellowish tinge. In the place where the fungus is cut, the flesh may turn blue or red.
An oil nipple or nipple ages very quickly, after it appears above the surface of the earth, only 7–9 days pass before complete aging. This type of mushroom is very fond of the worm, not only old specimens, but also young ones.
Some mushrooms have a connecting blanket located between the leg and the cap. After maturation, the coverlet breaks and a ring remains on the leg.
Leg
The mushroom has a cylindrical stalk. On average, its diameter is from 1 to 3.5 centimeters. The maximum height is 10 centimeters. The color of the legs is white, with a dark bottom.
Varieties
Mushroom oiler has several dozen species. The most common:
Ordinary | Most often found on our continent. The main distinguishing feature is the presence of a powerful blanket ring. It grows mainly in ordinary pine forests or mixed plantings. Grows in large groups. Fruiting lasts from June to October. |
Summer | This type of oily or oiler also grows on our continent, but differs from the ordinary in a lighter color and the absence of a ring on the leg. Appears in June, even before the ordinary appearance. |
Kozlyak | This variety is often mistaken for an old mushroom or green mushroom. It has a dark color both hats and legs. The mushroom prefers to grow near pines and in mixed forests. Fruiting begins in late summer and before the start of autumn. |
Un ringed | Outwardly, it is very similar to the summer look, but with a darker hat and a pinker leg. It grows well in the Urals, in Europe and Siberia. |
Larch | The name is already clear, this mushroom prefers leafy planting. It has a bright orange hat, with spots that are present on the leg. Appears from July to September. |
Cedar crying | Grows under cedar pines. The whole mushroom is almost uniform - brown, with a touch of orange and yellow. |
Cedar punctate | Also prefers cedar planting and differs from the previous species in color, it is darker. The mushroom pulp has a pronounced spicy smell. |
Clinton's Oiler | Most often found in northern latitudes on the entire planet. Fruits from July to October. It features excellent taste, it does not even need to be boiled beforehand. |
Nyusha | The mushroom got its name because of the interesting color. The hat is usually brown, less often lemon yellow, the leg is the same color, but slightly lighter. Prefers planting larch, appears from July to October. |
White | Most often it is white, but the hat still has a shade of ivory, possibly the appearance of small dark inclusions. It grows in the Far East and Siberia. Appears between July and September. |
Ruby | In former times, this variety was assigned to pepper mushrooms. The hat is brown with a golden hue, the leg has a reddish-pink hue. Outwardly, the mushroom is similar to boletus and prefers oak plantings. But today it is quite difficult to meet this mushroom, it is even listed in the Red Book of our country and there is a ban on its collection. |
What places to look for
Oil mushrooms in the forest are found practically throughout Russia, not excluding even the northern latitudes.
If you simplify the classification of this type of mushroom, then they can be divided into three groups:
- larch, that is, growing in deciduous forests and copses;
- grainy, those that grow in coniferous forests, with calcareous soils;
- late.
The latter species of mushrooms grows mainly in mixed forests, loves young tree planting and forest edges. As a rule, they grow in large "families", near the trunks of young trees. A lot of mushrooms grow on the fringes, as the places where the oily grow, should not be wet. However, in the “naked” glades it is impossible to find mushrooms, in the glade there should be vegetation at least up to 8 centimeters high, but not tall bushes. Mushrooms do not grow on completely open ground.
Mushrooms can be harvested in old pine forests, but here you can find them near paths where a layer of lichen or moss is disturbed.
Most often, a "silent hunt" for oil is carried out in coniferous forests. When collecting mushrooms, one should not forget that the earth and the mushrooms themselves can accumulate radiation and salts of heavy metals, so it is not recommended to collect them even near highways and railways, near industrial enterprises. Such a crop can cause poisoning. Before cooking mushrooms, they must be sorted and boiled, in extreme cases, soaked.
When the oil grows
What time can I go out into the forest and pick mushrooms? Naturally, everything depends on the climatic features of the collection region. They begin to appear above the ground in June, but if it is too cold and the average daily atmospheric temperature is below +16 degrees, then it is too early for mushroom growth.
Mushrooms start to grow best when the weather is already warm in summer and the rains are warm. At the same time, it is already possible to collect mushrooms 7 hours after the rain has ended.
Many mushroom pickers know that butter mushrooms are the most favorite worm mushrooms. However, if the worm mushroom is in the basket, do not throw it away. It is best to hang it leg down on a branch. The fungus will gradually dry out, "scatter" spores, thereby forming a new mycelium. After some time, you can already come to this place and collect a new crop.
Some tips
It is better to collect oil in cloth gloves. It's no secret that on their hats, partly legs, there is a sticky layer to which litter and small twigs, foliage sticks. Therefore, in order not to once again wash or wipe your hands, it is better to use gloves.
Oil is best soaked in water before cooking, after removing the peel from the hat. This procedure is not required if the mushrooms are dried in the future, they are just cleaned of litter. Although if you get acquainted with the recipes of ancient Russian cuisine, they’re oily in the description part, then they all say that the peel must be removed in any case, even if the mushrooms are dried.
To facilitate the cleaning of mushrooms at home, it is better to clean the hat back in the forest.
False oil
The butterdish is immediately evident in the forest, but not all of them are edible. False butterfish has characteristic differences from the edible "brother." First of all, this is a visual difference - the lower part of the cap is represented by a lamellar structure, in contrast to the edible one, in which a porous structure opens after removing the white film.
The color of the hat is also different, the false mushroom has a purple hue. The color at the bottom of the cap of the false mushroom has a gray tint, the edible appearance is light or bright yellow, depending on age.
The easiest way to immediately determine the "edibility" of an oiler is visually - the lighter the mushroom, the more poisonous it is. Such mushrooms usually have a loose structure, and if they are slightly rubbed between the fingers, then they immediately crumble and collapse.
But there is great news for mushroom pickers in Russia - poisonous and false oils are practically never found in our country. In any case, you should be careful, it may happen that a false mushroom does get into the basket. Poisoning in this case is characterized by the following symptoms:
- body temperature rises;
- nausea and vomiting appear.
If these symptoms appear or simply feel unwell after eating mushrooms, you must urgently go to the hospital to rinse your stomach. Inedible mushrooms contain dangerous toxins that can cause death.
What can you confuse a nipple with
A false nipple is often confused with spruce spruce; they have a very large external similarity. However, the latter mushroom is classified as edible, but very little studied by scientists. Therefore, if in doubt, it is better to play it safe and refuse such mushrooms.
Mushroom oiler is confused with pepper mushroom. This type of mushroom is also edible, but has an unpleasant and very bitter taste. Pepper mushroom also loves spruce and pine forests.