The most important components of the independent water supply systems of private houses and summer cottages, which are served by underground wells or water sources of considerable depth, are pumps for the well. Submersible deep borehole pumps provide not only liquid pumping, but also its further transportation through the pipeline.
Pumps that are capable of pumping water from great depths exceeding 90 meters are used as equipment for underground industrial wells, as well as for stations supplying two or more objects or houses at once.
The market offers the buyer a wide selection of foreign and domestic devices that differ in their cost, characteristics and purpose.
When choosing a pump, a small calculation of the main parameters should be made, as well as familiarized with reviews about the manufacturers.
Given the above recommendations, you can purchase the most suitable device or system.
Types of Submersible Well Pumps
For a well with a depth of 10 meters or more, the installation of a submersible (deep) pump is necessary . Using this equipment allows you to pump water from a depth of 150 meters. A big advantage of using such pumps is the low noise level during operation.
The following types of pumps are available:
1. Submersible centrifugal borehole pump.
2. Screw.
3. Screw.
4. Barbell.
The first type is the most popular. A centrifugal pump can be used in any season of the year and at any ambient temperature. The principle of operation is based on the action of centrifugal force: the pressure of the incoming water turns the blades, while the water is moving. Next, a pressure is created, which pushes the liquid into the line. At the same time, rarefaction of air is created in the center of the working chamber. This factor contributes to the absorption of a new flow of water into it.
A great advantage of plants of this type is their high productivity, constant good pressure of the pumped water, as well as the versatility of use. Such pumps can be used in various fields of activity.
Screw type installations (for example, a submersible borehole pump “Aquarius”) are special-purpose devices. The working body of the device is a screw. It provides pumping of water, as well as its further movement through the pipeline. Such plants are used primarily for pumping heavily contaminated water.
When choosing a screw type pump for a well, it should be remembered that the diameter of its casing should be less than the cross section of the casing. If this requirement is not met, there is a possibility of frequent clogging and damage to the installation.
Submersible borehole pumps (deep borehole screw type pumps) have a number of advantages, the main one being the ability to pump even a small amount of liquid with good pressure. Pumping water with such equipment is carried out by rotating the working impeller, which is equipped with many dense blades.
Before buying a screw pump, you should analyze the composition of the water, because the screw type device is very sensitive to various impurities and contaminants.
Rod type pumps are also popular. The main working body of the design of such devices are a fixed cylinder and a plunger. Performing translational movements upward in the inner part of the cylinder, the plunger “draws” water, and when it descends, it delivers it to the pressure line. To actuate the mechanism, a “rocking chair” is used, which is attached by rods.
Well sucker rod pumps are large in size. The main scope of their application is the oil and refining industries. They are practically not used in everyday life.
Principle of work and features
Modern instrumentation produces the deepest pumps for wells that are most diverse in design, purpose and principle of operation. When choosing, you should be guided by operating conditions, terrain characteristics and other parameters.
The pump casing is completely immersed under the thickness of the pumped water, and it is connected to the surface and mains by an electric conductor, which ensures the operation of the electric motor, and a pipeline through which water is transported.
The standard delivery for most pump models includes:
• electric motor driving the installation;
• built-in filter that protects the device from contaminants.
Water is pumped through the discharge pipe, which is located in the upper or lower part of the housing. In the first case, the pump qualitatively filters the pumped water from various contaminants and solids.
The main components of a well pump are:
• electric motor (built-in or outdoor);
• pumping part.
If the borehole pump is equipped with the first electric motor, its casing must be absolutely tight and must not allow liquid to enter the working units.
Specifications
UNIPUMP submersible borehole pumps are designed for domestic use and are used to supply only clean water without salt impurities from various reservoirs with a diameter of at least 8.5 cm. They are used to supply water to individual houses, irrigate plots, and accumulate liquid in small and medium storage tanks.
Main technical specifications:
- power is supplied from the mains - ~ 220/230 V, 50 Hz;
- working temperature of the pumped water - 0 ... +35 ° ;
- the acidity of the water is 6.5 ... 8.5;
- ambient temperature - 0 ... +40 ° ;
- the minimum required immersion depth under the water column is 0.5 m;
- the permissible amount of impurities and contaminants in the pumped water is not more than 100 g / m³, without large inclusions;
- the maximum size of contaminants and inclusions is 1 mm;
- power consumption: 370 W;
- immersion depth under water (permissible) - 15 m;
- maximum productivity: 33.3 l / min .;
- maximum head: 73 m;
- discharge port diameter: 1 ";
- power cable length: 15 m.
Advantages and disadvantages of using deep-well pumps
Among the advantages of using submersible centrifugal borehole pumps installed in a reservoir, it should be noted:
• greater efficiency and productivity of pumping water;
• compactness;
• the possibility of forming a good pressure;
• ease of installation;
• ease of operation;
• simplicity in maintenance;
• high reliability;
• long term of operation.
The disadvantages include:
• the impossibility of repairing some models due to the monolithic body;
• difficulty in pumping contaminated water (or water from the bottom of the well or well).
How to choose the right pump
When choosing a submersible borehole pump, the following should be considered:
1. The pressure flow of the water column. This parameter is determined by calculation. The pressure quality at all water intake points depends on its value.
2. Feed rate. It is measured by the number of liters of water delivered per hour. It depends on it whether there will be enough pumped water to meet the needs of all points of water intake.
3. The need for equipment with additional elements. They ensure the operation of the installation in an independent mode, and also protect it from breakdowns due to emergency situations.
4. Manufacturer and brand. When choosing a device for this parameter, you should take into account the reputation of the manufacturer of submersible well pumps, reviews, as well as the guarantees that it provides.
5. Cost. Manufacturers can overcharge due to their worldwide reputation. You should pay attention to the domestic manufacturer, because in quality it is not inferior to foreign ones. Also in the device can be installed additional functions that are not necessary, but, of course, affect pricing. First of all, you should pay attention to the quality of assembly and components, and then to the cost.
Calculation of the pressure of the water supplied by the pump
The water pressure that the submersible borehole pump provides is determined by calculation. For this, it is worth considering the hydraulic resistance of the entire pipeline system. The calculation formula is as follows:
H = (A + 6) x1.15 + B + L / 10,
Where:
N is the desired pressure;
A - the maximum allowable height at which it is required to ensure the supply of water through the pipeline;
B is the depth of the reservoir served (measured from the top to the level of the water mirror);
L is the distance over which water is transported through the pipeline in a horizontal direction.
Having received the calculated parameter, you can proceed with the selection of the pump.
Important! When choosing a pump, another 10% should be added to the design head.
An additional power reserve will allow avoiding critical situations and will save the pump from breakdowns that occur due to the seasonal pressure drop. You should not buy a device with a very large power reserve - it will be economically inexpedient.
How to choose a pump for performance
Submersible borehole pumps must not only provide a given water pressure in the pipeline, but also supply it in a certain amount per unit time. To determine the required amount of water, you should determine the total fluid consumption that is consumed from one system, and multiply the resulting value by the number of people living in the house.
In addition, the expense for irrigation, the operation of household appliances, etc. should be added.
Having determined the estimated performance, they select the model with the best characteristics.
When selecting a deep pump, additional technical devices should be purchased that will ensure the effectiveness of its operation and protect against the negative effects of emergency situations. These devices include:
• water level sensor in the pond;
• pressure meter;
• water flow rate sensor;
• check valve.
The use of the above devices allows for automatic operation of the submersible pump.
Which is better: pump or station?
To lift and further move along the fluid line from a water body of great depth, not only reduced pumps are used, but also entire pumping stations, which consist of a set of technical devices.
The composition of the pumping station, in addition to the borehole submersible pump for water, includes a storage tank - a hydraulic accumulator. Water that is pumped out of a well or well is first accumulated in this tank and only then distributed through the pipeline system.
In comparison of the pumping station and the deep pump, the first one has a higher productivity. In addition, it differs in significant dimensions. These parameters should also be considered when buying and choosing a place for its installation. In addition, the arrangement of the station is much more expensive than the purchase of a submersible pump.
In any case, when choosing equipment to equip the water supply system of a private house, one should take into account the parameters of the reservoir from which water is to be pumped, as well as its required quantity for the needs of water supply, flow parameters, etc.
Modern pumps and reviews about them
The following settings are recognized as popular among users:
- Submersible borehole pump Grundfos. The Danish device is high quality, has high performance. Some models are capable of pumping up to 9 tons of water per hour, the pressure at the same time is 50 meters. Warranty period is 10 years. Automatic control protects the system from dry running and ensures a smooth start. The package includes: a submersible pump, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit, shut-off and control valves. Disadvantages are: the high cost of Grundfos (about 50,000 rubles), a small amount of accumulator (8-10 liters), and expensive repairs.
- Borehole vortex pump SPRUT. Intended for supplying clean water from wells, tanks and wells. Suitable for water supply of a private house. Users note that the pump is quite powerful, works on an artesian well and creates a pressure of up to 70 meters. The body is made of brass, as is the impeller. All work units are made of quality materials, and therefore, they are durable. Among the disadvantages, a low degree of protection and a small cleaning ability stand out.
- Pump centrifugal multistage borehole "PUMPS +". This device is intended for pumping only clean water (without blockages) from wells with a diameter of at least 9 cm and wells. Great for use in private homestead water systems, watering plots, irrigation systems and pressure boosting systems using pressure maintenance systems. The pump is designed for continuous operation and can withstand heavy loads.
Manufacturer's Reviews
Users have identified the most reliable manufacturers and their devices. Among those:
1. Unipump eco submersible borehole pump. A household appliance is capable of delivering water from a well from great depths. It is also possible to install these pumps in a water supply system. Among the advantages: a reliable housing and engine, powerful impellers (made of hardened plastic). The “floating” operation of such wheels can extend the life of the mechanism. Also the pump is steady against pollution. A thermal relay and a starting capacitor are additionally mounted in the pump casing. The disadvantage is the high cost. Also, users note that the pump cannot be installed on a well with a diameter of less than 110 mm.
2. Submersible borehole pump ECV. This device is suspended in the well in a special installation, which consists of columns of water pipes and is lowered into the water. Each stage of this ECV pump consists of an impeller, a blade vane and a reservoir. Water enters through the base body onto a plastic (or bronze) impeller. The ECV bearing assembly is lubricated by pumped water. Among the positive characteristics: convenient use, relatively quiet operation. Users also note that the pump is able to withstand pressure even during short stops. Among the disadvantages: high cost, quick wear of plastic parts and the “fear” of dry running.
3. Submersible borehole pump Patriot. Users note the following positive characteristics: the device is installed at a great depth (up to 30 m) and provides a head up to 100 m. The pump consumes only 500 W and filters out impurities up to 2 mm in size. "Patriot" has a normal throughput - up to 2 m 3 per hour. The disadvantages are instability to pollution and high temperature of the supplied water.
Having determined the criteria necessary for the consumer, as well as having read the user reviews, you can choose the best installation.