Such a fruit and berry culture as grapes, which not every gardener would risk growing even in the middle lane, has taken root very well, oddly enough, in Bashkiria. Despite the fact that this region is a zone of risky agriculture with a rather harsh climate and adverse soil conditions, many gardeners have achieved excellent results when growing this heat-loving crop in these parts. Moreover, grapes in Bashkiria are not small, tasteless berries, but large and very sweet clusters. In order to achieve excellent yields of this magnificent berry in the harsh climatic conditions of the republic, you should first select a zoned variety that is bred in accordance with the weather conditions of this unkind land and adapted to the Bashkir climate.
Where to buy a suitable variety in Bashkiria?
They bring such grapes in Bashkiria, which is adapted to grow both in harsh climates and on heavy soils, in a breeding center. It is located on the territory of the Agricultural Research Institute, in the Kushnarenkovsky experimental garden.
In the event that the summer resident has a desire to become a wine grower, it is worth acquiring seedlings only there. This will guarantee that the grown culture will not only meet all the requirements, but also annually delight with a wonderful harvest of berries that taste great.
Zoned varieties of Bashkir grapes
Among the varieties presented at the “grape farm”, such as Alexander has the greatest popularity. This is a table, fairly early variety, characterized by high frost resistance. The berries are dark pink in color and taste good. They are collected in clusters, weighing up to 135 g. The disadvantage is susceptibility to gray rot.
A few more zoned varieties have similar characteristics. Among them, one can distinguish such as Bashkir, Yubileiny, Friendship, May-3. But such hybrids as R-65, R-81, hybrid No. 342 differ in the size of the bunch, which reaches half a kilogram in weight. These grapes for Bashkiria are very popular and every year delight gardeners with an excellent harvest.
Why are grapes planted in Bashkiria in the spring?
The best time for planting this capricious and unfit for harsh northern conditions berry culture is spring, May. After all, if you carry out this work in the fall, as is done in many more southern regions, not completely rooted seedlings, having gone in the winter, can easily freeze in harsh northern conditions. Therefore, the best option is to plant grapes in Bashkiria in the spring.
It is carried out by two-year-old cuttings or seedlings at a time when sap flow begins in grape bushes. In Bashkiria, this happens in May, and just at that time, the soil at a depth of 30 cm warms up to 10 ° C, which is optimal for grape seedlings.
The general sequence of actions when planting grapes
Planting grapes in Bashkiria in the spring is carried out in a certain sequence. More simply, it can be expressed as follows:
- Checking the conformity of planting material;
- Preparation for seedlings of landing pits of the right size;
- Preparing him for landing;
- Directly landing;
- Care for seedlings.
What is the preparation of seedlings?
In order to check the planting material for suitability, a small cut should be made on the seedling (chubuk). Planting grapes in Bashkiria involves the use of those Chubuk, in which:
- The cut vine should have green wood.
- The bark has not changed color.
- If you click on the eye with a finger, it will disappear.
- When the peephole is cut lengthwise, rudimentary leaves are visible in it.
If the vine on the cut has a whitish or pale green color, and also there is no moisture, then this indicates that it is dead and not suitable for planting.
Choosing a place and preparing a landing pit
How to choose the right place for planting so that grape growing in Bashkiria brings the gardener only joy? There are certain rules for this:
- The place that is intended for the future vineyard should be illuminated by the sun most of the day.
- It is best to use the southern slope for landing.
- Groundwater should not be nearby, as vineyards cannot tolerate them.
- If you plan to plant several bushes, it is best to arrange them in one row, at a distance of 2 meters from each other. Their stretch should be from north to south. Between the rows the distance should be at least a meter.
When gardeners ask how to grow grapes in Bashkiria, it is worth noting that the preparation of a landing pit should be taken very seriously. It should be the same as under the fruit tree. This is very important on such soils as in Bashkiria - poor sandy and heavy clay.
The result of the effort will be felt in a few years - at a time when the seedling will gain full strength and begin to bear fruit. That planting pit, which is designed to grow grapes in Bashkiria, must be very well fertilized. This will contribute to the fact that the bush will well develop deep roots, which are more frost-resistant. Accordingly, the growth power of the plant will increase.
How to properly fill the landing pit
When the goal is to grow grapes in Bashkiria, in these difficult climatic and soil conditions, special attention is paid to filling the planting pit when planting seedlings. From how correctly it is filled, both the yield of the bush, and the size, as well as the taste of the berries, depend.
So that everything was done according to the rules, the lower part of the prepared pit should be filled with compost in the amount of two or three buckets. If clay soil prevails on the site, then two buckets of rubble or sand are poured on top, over which 400 g of ash and 200 g of superphosphate are scattered. The layers thus prepared are shoveled with soil located at the bottom of the pit.
After that, everything is slightly condensed, and the filling procedure is repeated. Sand and gravel added to the planting pits improve drainage and aeration of the soil. That part of the fertile land that remains should be poured into the prepared pit without any fertilizers and humus. It will serve as a seedling layer for the seedling.
Based on the foregoing, the question of summer residents "how to grow grapes in Bashkiria" can give a definite answer. Excellent results can only be achieved through proper soil preparation and the selection of an appropriate place for planting. We must not forget about the appropriate care of seedlings. Indeed, without it, this heat-loving plant in the harsh climatic conditions of the republic, which is a zone of risky gardening, will be very difficult to grow and begin to bear fruit.
What care is needed for vineyards in Bashkiria?
When growing a crop such as grapes in Bashkiria, care, pruning, spring-summer dressing and sheltering the vine from too low winter temperatures are mandatory for the gardener. It is worth remembering that when growing grapes in Bashkiria, the main task is to grow two strong vegetative shoots on the seedling, which will become the basis of the future fruit and berry shrub.
Only thanks to the correct and conscientious conduct of all these procedures can we achieve an excellent harvest, which will be no worse than in the southern regions. It is not for nothing that they say that grapes in Bashkiria grow perfectly, if only there would be good appropriate care.