Land and property relations consist in the proper use of natural resources, which in the legal field are considered real estate.
Essence
Let us examine in more detail what this term is. So, land relations, which are controlled by law, provide for the features of the use of natural resources with a conservation status. They also control the activities of people who live in the specified territory.
As for property relations, they are governed by the Civil Code. It provides legislative control of the use and disposal of those lands that are in the possession of citizens. That is, the Code distinguishes between the concepts of land relations (state and protective territories) and property (land plots that are privately owned).
Features of the regulation of relations
In order for the state to have order, it is necessary to have certain levers of control that will make it possible to streamline all actions related to the natural fund. The regulatory process is fixed in the Constitution of the country, as well as in other legal documents.
Land-property relations are quite complex:
1. They can be regulated by several legal documents. For example, the disposal of the territory, its sale and use are controlled by the norms of the Civil and Land Code.
2. When using the site as real estate, keep in mind that it has the priority of protection.
3. The land and the building that is on it is a single object, so if the building is being sold, then the land on which it stands goes with it.
Land and property relations are controlled by federal laws (for example, “On the Turnover of Agricultural Land”).
Principles of regulation of relations
Before making any operations with a certain territory, it is necessary to study the regulatory documents by which these actions are monitored. Regulation of land and property relations is based on the following principles:
- Priority environmental safety;
- the variety of forms of equal use of land by all citizens of the state;
- rationality of the use of territories;
- the sustainability of urban settlements, which reflects the country's guarantees of land ownership;
- payment for the use of the territory;
- equal responsibility for land exploitation;
- the right to receive the necessary information on land use;
- optimality and scientific and technical feasibility of using territories.
The main goal of regulating relations is to ensure the normal functioning of the land and property complex of a given territory during the formation of the modern market system, because the site is always an object of commerce.
Features of the management of property and land relations
Naturally, in order to regulate the use of territories, we need specialists who know how to do this. To control all the steps associated with plots in cities or settlements, there is a property and land relations department. This organization performs certain functions.
1. Control of workflow, which approves the right to urgent or unlimited use of land in a certain jurisdictional territory.
2. Consulting with citizens and legal entities regarding the lawful use of property.
3. Analysis of securities that approve the layout of land on a subordinate territory (cadastral map).
4. Preparation of projects for local governments, as well as the wording of refusals to provide land for rent or property.
5. Registration of contracts that fix the possibility of using the territory belonging to the municipality.
This is only part of the responsibilities assigned to this body. For a complete listing, contact your local office.
Features of the Ministry of Property and Land Relations
Naturally, in order for the management to be carried out efficiently, a central authority is needed that will coordinate the activities of all relevant organizations. For this, there is the Ministry of Land and Property Relations. It is this body that is engaged in the management of state territories, as well as those sections that were alienated during the privatization process.
The main functions of the Ministry are as follows:
- development of a regulatory framework that will regulate land and property relations;
- control of the activities of subordinate departments;
- responsibility for the implementation of state policy in the field of land and property relations;
- management of all processes related to privatization;
- implementation of valuation activities.
What should a land and property relations specialist do?
Without qualified employees, control is not possible. Many higher education institutions train workers in the specialty “Land Law”. Now let's figure out what such an employee is dealing with. This is, first of all:
- valuation activities to determine the value of real estate;
- implementation of cadastral relations (registration of real estate, their shooting, assessment and technical description);
- regulation of the land and property complex (in this case, the duties of a specialist include drawing up a land balance, preparing relevant documentation, monitoring state territories);
- cartographic and geodetic support of the presented relations.
It is this employee who should be able to advise citizens on relevant issues. The specialist in land and property relations is obliged to carry out his work qualitatively, since it is connected with state documents.