Not far from Cairo, there is a complex of ancient pyramids that can delight every tourist. The pyramids in Giza have a unique shape. A lot of different literature is devoted to them, which can not always be attributed to scientific or historical. Many authors of published books tried to pay attention to the digital proportions of these structures, trying to find some specific mystical meaning in them. A number of authors believe that these structures were erected by a civilization that arrived from Atlantis. However, there are no specific and reliable facts.
They are mentioned in a huge number of chronicles telling about the construction of these magnificent structures. The greatest pyramid in Giza is the pyramid of Cheops. Its construction was carried out for 30 years, and 10 years from this period was spent on the construction of a road designed to lift stone blocks. At the base of the building is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height of the pyramid was 146.6 meters, but after several earthquakes, it decreased by 9 meters due to the destruction of the upper stones.
The pyramid belonging to Cheops, like all the pyramids in Giza, has four faces that are oriented to the four cardinal points. The angle of inclination is 51 ° 52 '. The entrance to it is located in the northern face. Inside there are three burial chambers, among which is the pharaoh’s chamber, which is a room whose width is five and the length is eleven meters. The height of the room is about six meters. The walls of the tomb are made of granite slabs. There are no inscriptions or decorations. The sarcophagus itself is made of red granite. Today it is empty. It is assumed that the looting of the pyramid occurred in ancient times.
The second largest is the pyramid belonging to the pharaoh Chefren. It was built 40 years after the construction of the first pyramid in Giza was completed. The base side is 215 meters and the height is 136 meters. Its tilt angle is slightly sharper than the Cheops pyramids - 51 ° 8 '. The complex of buildings here can be seen more clearly: the temple in the valley, the road, the temple of the dead and the pyramid itself. There is a lower and upper temple. The first is known for the mummification of the pharaoh Chephren. The upper temple was built from the eastern part of the pyramid. In its shape, it resembles an elongated rectangle, the back of which is adjacent to the pyramid. Its inner part is divided into two parts. In the first, all believers were allowed, but in the second, only the elect. The lower and upper temples are connected by a ramp, which is a covered corridor partially carved into the rock. Inside, it is lined with limestone slabs, and the outside with granite. Its lighting is produced through numerous openings in the ceiling.
The third, the most southern, is the Pyramid of Mycerinus. It is considered the latest of the three structures under consideration. The base has a side of only 108 meters and its height is 66.5 meters. Inside there is only one burial chamber carved into the rock.
The receivers of Cheops, Chefren and Mykerin also built pyramids for themselves. Giza has about a hundred of them. They are much smaller, and are randomly scattered throughout the territory.
Another famous Egyptian monument (after the Cheops pyramid) is the figure of the Sphinx - a lying lion with a human head. Its length reaches 73 meters and a height of 20 meters. According to legend, he guards the city of the dead. It is assumed that the figure of the Sphinx was cut down in a limestone block during the construction of the Chefren pyramid.
After many millennia, the pyramids in Giza managed to stand in the sands of the desert. To date, this is the most ambitious archaeological complex in Egypt, which shows how powerful the rulers of the Ancient Kingdom were.