The construction of a well is always accompanied by the protection and strengthening of the walls with waterproof materials. If the design is based on reinforced concrete rings, then they will show reliability, durability and hygiene, because the material does not contribute to the emergence of bacteria. The system will protect the interior from seepage of ground and surface water, but only if it is sufficiently protected. Therefore, at the construction stage, a well must be waterproofed from concrete rings.
The need for work
Concrete is not destroyed by moisture. The main feature of this material is that it passes water well if it has not been waterproofed. Because of this, the properties of the structure will be exposed to moisture, in contact with wet concrete, this can include metal and wood. Rust will grow along the reinforcement, deforming it and making it less durable. This becomes the cause of the destruction of the entire structure.
Waterproofing a well from concrete rings is necessary to exclude the ability of the material to absorb moisture. Reinforced concrete rings undergo such protection even at the production stage. Suppliers typically use the following waterproofing methods:
- constructive;
- technological;
- the use of water-resistant cement.
The first technique involves the processing of products with water-repellent substances after manufacture. At the production stage, technological waterproofing is used, this should include the technology of concrete compaction, which is still in forms. The material is subjected to centrifugation, vibropressing and vacuum removal of excess moisture.
Moisture protection can also be provided by adding various water repellents to concrete. These ingredients begin to work after concrete hardens, swell and clog pores and microcracks. This provides concrete with the ability to withstand moisture. These measures contribute to the cost of reinforced concrete rings, but if you decide to save on rings, it is important to seal the seams and joints between structural elements. This will provide long-term protection against decay, corrosion, mold and fungus.
Waterproofing Materials
Waterproofing a well made of concrete rings may involve the use of one or more materials. They can be classified according to internal and external purposes. The latter option involves the use of a clay castle, but this method cannot be called unique. Internal insulation is the processing of the following types of materials:
- injectable;
- penetrating;
- smear.
Before waterproofing a well from concrete rings, it is important to correctly determine the method of protection, which depends on the degree of salinity of groundwater. A private developer cannot select some technologies, because they involve the use of special equipment.
Methods of waterproofing: injection waterproofing
The size of concrete rings is not the only thing that is important to choose for the correct operation of the system. It is also necessary to provide hydraulic protection. Injection materials - this is the case when you should seek the help of specialists. Waterproofing of this kind is an expensive pleasure, but you don’t have to do it again, because the material is ready to last as long as the entire structure will be used.
Polymer compositions are pumped into the material, clogging cracks and pores. The advantages of this method of moisture protection are:
- the possibility of using new structures for insulation;
- the possibility of repairing the waterproofing of the well;
- lack of need for surface preparation;
- the ability to eliminate gushing and pressure leaks.
However, such a waterproofing of a well from groundwater also has some disadvantages, among them the high cost and the need to use high-pressure pumping equipment should be highlighted.
The use of penetrating materials
This technique is an example of a unique principle when the power of water is used to protect against attacks. Particles of water repellents crystallize under the influence of water and clog pores. With increasing humidity, moisture protection becomes more reliable, because waterproofing hardens much faster. For such work, you can use the following types of materials:
- "Remstream-T".
- Infiltron-100.
- Penetron.
- "Penecritus."
Hard elastic coating materials
You can use this solution for waterproofing wells, pools and foundations. Application is carried out on prepared substrates, and after that the material is left until it dries. After this, the waterproofing acquires:
- elasticity;
- high tensile strength;
- resistance to low temperatures.
The most popular solution in the domestic market is the Spanish product Tekmadray Elast, which is a two-component coating. DuPont products are also well established, like the Italian Mapei. If you want to save, then you should purchase the Russian waterproofing "Rastro", which will cost less than foreign analogues. Waterproofing of the seams of the well can be done with a sealant in the form of a tape, for example Rubber Elast.
Well waterproofing technology outside
During the construction of a well, measures for external waterproofing are usually carried out. If we are talking about the need to protect the old structure, then a rather large amount of earthwork will have to be carried out. Roll materials, for example, roofing material, are usually used for this. However, penetrating protection can also be used.
The surface should be prepared. The outer walls of the structure open as much as possible. Around the well, for this, dig earth 4 meters deep. The basis is cleared of pollution. If you have to work with the old design, then you can see some parts of the fittings that managed to expose during operation. They should be cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.
If the waterproofing of the well is being repaired, then the walls must be covered with soil, you can use "Concrete Contact" or a bitumen-rubber compound, which have proven themselves, like cement-sand mortar, to which PVA glue is added. The composition is left to dry, and after it bituminous or tar mastic is applied. Ruberoid is glued on its surface, the seams between the sheets should be greased with mastic. When choosing penetrating insulation, you should abandon the stage of priming the walls. They are moistened and smeared with Penetron, leaving for three days to dry. The surface should be moistened periodically.
Waterproofing
Waterproofing of the well from the inside should be started after pumping water. It is important to ensure that the level does not rise until the work is completed. The internal surfaces are cleaned with a metal brush, it is important to remove dirt, moss and loose concrete. Slots and joints should be cleaned and deepened, only then you can start waterproofing measures.
If leaks have opened during this, they can be sealed with Aquafix or analogues of this substance. For cracks, the Megacret-40 repair compound is excellent. Once the layers have dried, the walls of the well must be moistened and waterproofing materials applied using a wide brush. The technology involves compliance with SNiP, the waterproofing of a well from concrete rings according to the rules is applied with the first layer on a moistened surface. The second coat should be applied without moisture. A day will be spent on hardening of materials, at this time it is important to ensure that the water does not rise.
More about waterproofing with bituminous materials
Waterproofing a well from concrete rings with bituminous mastic is carried out quite often. This technology is most suitable for outdoor protection. The surface is prepared, cleaned and primed, which will be able to provide a good degree of adhesion. For sewage and technological structures, you can use a composition of three parts of gasoline and part of bitumen. In order to achieve high quality waterproofing, the seams should additionally be glued with bentonite-rubber tape. Instead, CeresitCL 152 tape is sometimes used.
After drying, you can start repairing the rings, repair chips, cracks and potholes. For this, cement mortar should be used. The surface after this is primed again, coated with tar mastic, because bitumen can crack, after which you can proceed to gluing roll waterproofing in 3 layers. It is recommended that all seams and joints be treated with mastic and covered with soil. Around the concrete well after subsidence of the soil, it is better to blind.
Conclusion
Before starting work on the sewer device, you should familiarize yourself with the dimensions of the concrete rings. For example, the diameter depends on the type of construction and can vary from 70 to 200 cm. As for the height, on average it is 50 cm. But the parameters of the rings are not the only thing to consider before installing the well. It is also important to observe SNiP 3.05.04-85, which spells out recommendations for waterproofing.