Want to do conservation work? Do you know which grade is best to buy and how to plant pea seeds? Do you need a short digression on the topic? This article will help you understand the intricacies of legume care and grow selected peas in your garden.
Peas: a description of the culture
Representatives of the legume family - pea crops - belong to the group of frost-resistant vegetable crops. This is a climbing plant, reaching a height of 15 to 250 cm (depending on the variety). The flowers resemble small moths in shape, have a white or purple color at the base. Sowing of seeds is carried out in early spring, after waiting for the soil to warm up to +4 ... + 6 degrees Celsius.
Pea feels best on a well-warmed, calm and lighted area. When preparing the garden, it is enough to add organic matter or mineral fertilizers.
Any cultivated area with a high humus content is suitable for sowing, regardless of what culture grew and fructified on this bed before.
Interesting! Peas are not too picky about nitrogen.
Pea species diversity
There are more than a hundred species of peas, both natural and artificially bred by the breeders. All of them are used for specific purposes: for conservation, in cooking, in agriculture and other sectors of human life. Pea seeds, beans are divided into two groups: sugar and shelling. The former have tender and sweet beans, the so-called shoulder blades. The valves of this pea variety retain their juiciness until the end of the wax ripeness period.
The peculiarity of peas of sugar varieties, for example, the “favorite”, is that the beans themselves do not have a parchment layer. They are consumed whole, just like okra or okra.
There are two subgroups of sugar peas: soup and dessert.
Soup Sugar Peas: Features
The fruits of soup varieties of parchmentless peas are different in size: they are much smaller than other varieties.
Pods (spatulas) are used to make soups when the seeds are in their infancy. Soup subspecies include pea seeds “favorite”, “soup spatula-181”, “Henry-15”, “sugar ragweed”, “sugar oregon”.
Dessert Sugar Peas: Recommended Varieties
This subspecies is best used fresh. Only ripe varieties of sugar peas are full of juice and vitamins, have excellent taste. The fruits of dessert peas are enjoyed by both adults and children.
Interesting! Pea blades are actively used in cooking. Delicious side dishes are prepared from them.
To get dessert shovels, it is recommended to use pea seeds “sugar for children”, “sugar slider”, “sugar honey”, “Karaganda-1053” for growing.
Characterization of peeling varieties of peas
The peculiarity of peas of peeling varieties lies in the presence of a leathery parchment layer on the inside of the siliculose folds - this is an inedible layer.
Young beans are peeled, and unripe seeds are used for food, calling them "green peas."
Among the variety of peeling husk varieties, breeders identify the most productive pea seeds: “prince”, “early-301”, “winner”, “excellent-33”.
The universal varieties include peas “sugar pod”. The fruits of this plant are suitable for use in food both in a young and more ripe form.
Features of sowing pea seeds
When planning to sow pea seeds for the first time, you need to know something.
Nodule bacteria chose pea roots as a favorable soil for conducting their life. These bacteria actively metabolize nitrogen.
At the first sowing of peas, fertilizing the soil, instead of the nitrogen-containing composition, you can use a special preparation of the bacterial group - "Nitragin". The norm of the bacterial supplement is 5 g / kg. Such an additive allows to normalize the development of peas without nitrogen starvation.
Instead of Nitragin, you can use rotted compost or humus, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
On specially prepared soil, the crop is better and more fertile. As a fertilizer, you can use lime: 300 g / m 2 with the addition of potassium - 30 g, double superphosphate - 20 g.
Interesting! In the area where peas used to grow, in the second year of planting, cabbage gives a good harvest.
Before sowing, yellow pea seeds are soaked in a specially prepared solution with micronutrient fertilizers. Before immersion in the ground, peas are treated with brown, boric acid or ammonium molybdenum acid. This treatment serves as a protective barrier against rot, mold, fungus, repels rodents.
Fertilizing the soil, the preparation of the bed for growing peas does not end. It is worth preparing in advance: establish supports for adult plants. Many grow peas and do not know that, spreading on the ground, the culture does not bring the desired crop, but it will give birth to much more fertile, being in an upright position.
How to sow seeds?
Do you know how to sow peas?
Sowing is carried out in 3-4 line tapes, observing the distance between the lines up to 16 cm and the tapes - up to 45 cm.
The level of seed placement in the soil depends on the type of soil. If clay rocks prevail on the site, then peas are sown shallow. In light soils, washable, the seeds are sown deeper.
Important! Keep track of the sowing level of pea seeds. With a small seal, pest birds can peck them. So that the bed does not attract the attention of birds, put it on the site where seeds, twigs were sown, and rub it with straw or grass.
The technical maturity of the beans depends on the timing of planting and the level of germination. Therefore, sowing is carried out in a short time, while achieving the simultaneous ripeness of each pea pod.
Germination of pea seeds is observed already 14 days after sowing in the ground. Varieties of sugar peas at the beginning of the growing season grow slowly. Weeds quickly clog crops, so plants need weeding.
Successful germination of pea seeds is possible under such conditions: the presence of heat and moisture. An important role is played by the access of light and oxygen. All these factors affect the speed of germination of pea seeds and their further development. Healthy and strong shoots are more resistant to diseases and infections that can infect a crop. The defeat of legumes occurs as a result of a violation of plant nutrition, untimely care. If the soil has been waterlogged, fungal bacteria and mold almost always develop. Common diseases and pests that affect legumes include:
- powdery mildew;
- root rot;
- peronosporosis (referred to as downy mildew);
- anthracnose;
- pea aphids;
- nodule weevil.
To prevent the appearance of diseases in green peas and reduce the number of pests, you need to know how to repulse the enemy, but most importantly, observe one rule: take care of sowing.
There is a need to install trellis when the peas are a little older. This will allow the culture to grow upward, without dying from the wind. In addition, it is easier to harvest from the trellis.
Trellis is installed every half meter around the entire perimeter of the site, if the bed is small - it is completely enclosed.
Care of the crop consists in weeding and watering.
All types of peas are grown in a similar pattern.
Pea fruiting
Early ripening varieties of seed peas begin to bear fruit after 4-5 weeks, and late ripening ones after 6-7 weeks.
Sowing peas - a multi-harvest vegetable crop, the fruiting period of which is stretched for up to 6 weeks. Shovels of sugar and peeling peas are harvested after 1-2 days.
Over the entire period of fruiting under comfortable growing conditions, the total yield of blades of sugar and peeling peas can reach 5 kg / m 2 .
Bean calories and healthy. Peas are rich in fiber, protein, starch and sugar, lysine, vitamins and acids. This plant is used in cooking and agriculture.
Growing peas is an entertaining and not too laborious process. This healthy plant is ideal for fresh consumption, for the preservation and preparation of various dishes.
Peas are used for feeding goats. From legumes form useful food for birds.