Concrete floors in a private house are usually created on the ground floor. This embodiment is not only simple, but also cheap. If you decide to do this kind of work, you will have to use not only concrete, but, possibly, clay. The popularity of this floor is due to the fact that concrete is quite affordable and durable material. It is easy to make it yourself. The work does not involve professional assistance, which reduces the cost of the process.
Requirements for the arrangement of the floor to the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is necessary to provide soil that has certain characteristics. The soil must be dry, and as for groundwater, it should be located at a depth of 5 meters or more. The soil should not be characterized by mobility.
Concrete floor is most often equipped in the case when the building provides for the presence of a
basement or basement. The house should be residential, which indicates the presence of heating, since in winter the soil freezes, and this leads to an increase in the load on the foundation and deformation of the structure.
Features of filling the floor on the ground
In order to equip concrete floors in a private house, it is recommended to complete all work on the construction of walls and roofs. Initially, it will be necessary to carry out work related to marking the floor level, and then to clear and compact the soil. At the next stage, gravel, sand and gravel are laid. Be sure to include hydro and thermal insulation among the layers of such a “pie”. Among other things, you need to worry about the presence of a reinforcing layer. At the next stage, guides and formwork elements are installed, and then concrete is poured. It should not be forgotten that concrete must be leveled.
Markup
If you decide to arrange concrete floors in a private house, then you need to outline a zero level. It must be set flush with the bottom of the doorway. This mark must be moved to all walls. In order to do this, it is necessary to put a mark on the wall at the level of 1 m from the bottom of the doorway. After the marks should be made on the walls around the perimeter, they will have to measure from them and mark 1 meter down. The resulting line will become the zero level to which the concrete floor is to be poured. In order for you to be able to more easily navigate along this line in the corners of the room, it is recommended to hammer in the nails and pull the rope between them.
Ground clearing and compaction
Concrete floors on the ground in a private house should only be equipped after being cleared. Among other things, the soil will need to be compacted. It is necessary to take out all the construction debris, and then remove the top layer of soil, which is called fertile. The ground floor is a kind of “pie”, the thickness of which will be approximately 35 cm. This indicates the need to remove the soil layer to that level until the height from the zero mark to the soil surface is not equal to the thickness of the structure.
After the surface of the soil must be compacted. This can be done by applying a vibrating plate. However, if such equipment is not available, then a conventional log can be used. On top of it you need to nail the handles, and the bottom part try to compact the soil. As a result, you should get an even, dense base on which you will be able to move around without leaving any traces. It may happen that the soil level is below 35 cm. In this case, you need to get rid of a small part of the soil layer, then compact and top up the surface with sand. Further, the seal is made according to the above technology. Concrete floors on the ground in a private house must assume the presence of a waterproofing layer. In order to increase the water-repellent characteristics of the structure, a clay layer that is covered by sand can be put on top of the soil. Clay is recommended to moisten and tamp a little, this will stop the penetration of groundwater.
Backing
After the base layer has been compacted, you can begin to prepare the backfill, for this gravel should be used. It must be laid in a layer whose thickness is 7 cm. The substrate should be watered and well tamped. In order to more easily control the thickness of the layer, it is necessary to drive pegs into the base soil in several rows, which should be set according to the level. After backfilling and compaction are completed, pegs can be disposed of. Then it is necessary to fill up the sand and also compact it well. Its thickness should be approximately equal to 10 centimeters. To simplify control, the same cats should be used. To compact the sand should be watered. For this purpose, you can use ravine sand, which has all kinds of impurities. A layer of crushed stone should be laid on top of the sand, the fractionality of which is 45 millimeters. All layers must be compacted again. The resulting surface must again be sprinkled with a thin layer of sand, which must be leveled and well compacted. If you fill the concrete floor in a private house with your own hands, then the substrate must be verified using a horizontal level.
Implementation of hydro and thermal insulation
Waterproofing of structures can be carried out using polyethylene. To do this, use a material whose thickness is 200 microns. It is permissible to use a
waterproofing membrane. The material must be laid over the entire area, the sheets themselves must be overlapped, the seams must be disposed of with adhesive tape. In order to increase the thermal insulation characteristics of the floor, it is recommended to use materials such as expanded clay, basalt or
stone wool, polystyrene, and mineral wool.
Reinforcement
After the concrete floor was insulated in a private house, reinforcement can be made. To do this, use steel rods, from which it will be necessary to build a frame. Instead of a metal mesh, you can use plastic. The reinforcing frame is placed on supports with a height of 3 cm. This will ensure that the frame is located inside the floor. The reinforcing frame of the rods can be welded independently.
Rail installation and formwork installation
Before pouring concrete floor in a private house, it is necessary to lay the guides. The room should be marked out in equal segments, the width of which does not exceed 2 meters. The entire area is divided using guides. As a rule, they are made from bars and boards. The height of these elements should be at the same level with the zero mark. Fixation of guides is made on cement mortar. Formwork should be installed between these elements. To do this, use moisture-resistant plywood, but ordinary boards are also suitable. The formwork and guides must be oil-treated so that they can be easily removed after the solution has hardened.
Floor filling
Before making concrete floors in a private house, it will be necessary to prepare concrete. It is necessary to fill it in one, at most two approaches. This requirement is due to the need to create a monolithic structure. To do this, you can order the solution at the factory. If you decide to start making the mixture yourself, it is preferable to prepare a concrete mixer. Cement grade M 400 or M 500 is suitable. It is important to use river sand. You should know not only how to insulate a concrete floor in a private house, but also how to prepare concrete for it. For work you will need 1 part of cement, sand in the amount of two parts, as well as crushed stone in the amount of four parts. Water should be added in an amount of 0.5 parts.