Many foreign citizens are interested in obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation. To do this, they will have to abandon past citizenship, as well as perform certain sequential actions. The correct list of documents for citizenship of the Russian Federation is being prepared. The procedure is long and complicated, but some people can rely on a simplified method if they meet certain requirements.
Who can count on citizenship?
The conditions for obtaining Russian citizenship are considered quite complex and specific. Based on Federal Law No. 62, only some people can count on receiving this status. These include:
- babies born in Russia;
- people who are disabled, but their children must be Russian capable citizens;
- foreigners who have entered into official marriage with a Russian who has permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- children of foreign persons born in Russia and granted citizenship on the basis of the right to birth;
- people whose disabled parents are citizens of the Russian Federation;
- persons who invested money in the development of the Russian Federation, and the amount of these funds is determined only by the Government of the country;
- people who have served in the army on time;
- people participating in the program, on the basis of which assistance is provided to obtain this status if they voluntarily decide on resettlement in the Russian Federation;
- persons whose child is a Russian citizen;
- children under 18 years of age living with official guardians who are entitled to Russian citizenship.
Foreigners who are well-known persons can obtain Russian citizenship in a simplified way.
In what ways is it made out?
Each person planning to obtain this status should know what are the deadlines for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation, what papers are prepared for this, and also by what methods the procedure is performed. A general or simplified procedure can be used for this. There are significant differences between them:
- the procedures differ in the length of residence in the Russian Federation for obtaining a residence permit, therefore, under the general procedure, you need to live in the country for at least five years, and when using the simplified procedure, you must have proof of residence in the state for only one year;
- the differences lie in the timing of the consideration of the transferred documents, since in the general procedure the process is carried out during the year, and with the simplified method the procedure does not take more than six months;
- even the decision-making bodies differ, since when using the general procedure, documentation is sent to the President of the country, and with a simplified method, the procedure is carried out by the territorial bodies of the FMS.
In addition, it is possible to obtain Russian citizenship through restoration or by birthright.
General steps
To apply this method, the following conditions must be met:
- the application is submitted only by an adult foreigner;
- he must receive in Russia at least five years on an ongoing basis;
- travel outside the country is allowed continuously for a maximum of 3 months in one year;
- a person must have a source of funds for subsistence, moreover, a certificate of income from the place of permanent employment must be included in the list of documents for citizenship of the Russian Federation, and an extract from the bank where the person has an open large deposit can also be used;
- the applicant must be fluent in Russian, as evidenced by a diploma of higher education in Russia or other certificates and papers;
- in addition, you will have to undergo special testing for knowledge of the language, the results of which are applied to the application;
- first you need to contact the state authorities of the home country with a statement on renunciation of citizenship;
- an obligation is drawn up on the basis of which a person guarantees that he will strictly follow the requirements of the Constitution and legislation of the Russian Federation.
If at least one condition is not met, then civil servants will refuse to apply for citizenship. Therefore, the right to obtain Russian citizenship must be proved by persons in an official way.
Crossing the border
The first step in obtaining Russian citizenship is crossing the country's border. For this, the following nuances are taken into account:
- obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation for citizens of other states is allowed only with permanent residence in Russia for a specific period;
- when crossing the border, immigrants receive a visa, which must be maintained throughout the entire period of validity;
- as soon as the border control is passed, a migration card is issued, and it contains a note about when exactly the person entered the territory of Russia;
- it is the above documents that serve as the basis for the lawfulness of residence in the country, therefore, they should always be available to a person.
The documents issued include information from the personal documentation of the visitor. Migration card and visa are included in the list of documents for citizenship of the Russian Federation.
Arrival Registration
As soon as a foreigner arrives in Russia, it is required to fix this fact. Only under such conditions will the entire list of documents for citizenship of the Russian Federation be compiled. Therefore, the following actions must be performed:
- Within 7 days after arrival, the FMS must be notified of the arrival of a citizen in the country;
- For this, a corresponding statement is drawn up and transmitted to the district department of the FMS of the selected region.
It is necessary to draw up the document in duplicate, since one application is transmitted to the employee of the organization, and the other with the acceptance mark remains with the foreigner.
Getting RVP
RVP is represented by a temporary residence permit. This document is considered the most important for every foreigner who wants to temporarily or permanently reside in the country. The procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship for citizens of other countries necessarily includes the stage of obtaining this permission. It allows you to stay in Russia legally for three years.
Together with RVP, registration is carried out at the selected address for life. To do this, the following actions are performed:
- FMS receives an application for permission and registration at a specific address;
- a copy of the applicant’s passport, a photograph of 3.5x4.5 cm format, a migration card containing information about when exactly the person arrived in Russia, a receipt on payment of a fee of 1 thousand rubles, as well as a medical certificate, including data on the fact that a person is not a carrier of dangerous diseases;
- if an adult foreigner arrives in the country with young children, then a list of documents for obtaining Russian citizenship is additionally prepared for the child, therefore it is required to write an application for him, prepare photographs and an identity document;
- received documents are considered by public servants within 60 days;
- at the end of this period, a notification of the decision is issued;
- if the decision is positive, then you must come to the FMS to obtain a residence permit in the country.
If a resident of Belarus applies for citizenship of the Russian Federation, then he will have to get RWP, but when crossing the border he will not be issued a migration card. This document is excluded from the list of documents for acquiring Russian citizenship.
Reasons for refusal from RVP
Even when transferring the necessary documentation to the FMS, foreigners are often faced with a refusal to obtain this permission. This is due to various reasons. Most often this is due to the fact that the quota has ended, since within one year the number of issued permits is strictly limited, and each region has its own limits.
Some foreigners belong to preferential categories; therefore, quotas restrictions do not apply to them. If the reason is precisely due to the lack of a quota, then such a refusal can be challenged. Preferential categories include people born in the USSR or who are incompetent. This also includes people whose children or parents are citizens of the Russian Federation. In addition, quotas do not apply to people who have married Russians or may use the simplified procedure for other reasons.
Registration of residence permit
A residence permit is a mandatory document on the basis of which a foreigner can legally reside in the country. Moreover, he can leave Russia at any time or return to the Russian Federation. The procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship for citizens of other countries necessarily includes registration of a residence permit. Due to the availability of this document, a foreigner can use different opportunities:
- legally reside in the Russian Federation for a long time;
- allowed to leave the country or return to it at any time;
- it is allowed to officially get a job in any Russian organization, and for this it is not required to obtain any special permits in advance;
- upon reaching retirement age, a pensioner with a residence permit can count on the appropriate cash benefit from the Russian state;
- obtaining this residence permit is the penultimate stage of obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation.
To obtain a residence permit, a special application is initially drawn up at the regional office of the FMS at the place of residence. The list of documents for accepting citizenship of the Russian Federation and obtaining a residence permit includes papers:
- a statement written only in Russian and by hand by the applicant, and there should not be any errors or blots in this document;
- photographs format 3.5x4.5 cm;
- previously executed RVP;
- additional documents confirming that the applicant is in the preferential category, therefore, he can count on obtaining a residence permit in a simplified manner;
- financial documents, with the help of which a good financial condition of a citizen is confirmed, and in this case he proves that he can really live in the Russian Federation without any problems, as he can provide himself with an optimal standard of living;
- a certificate received at a medical institution indicating that the applicant does not have any infectious diseases;
- documents for housing where the applicant resides, for example, an extract from the USRN, if the person is the owner of the apartment, and a lease made with the owner of the property can also be used;
- receipt of payment of duty equal to 2 thousand rubles.
In a standard manner, an application with all other documents is considered within six months. According to simplified citizenship in the Russian Federation, the list of documents is the same, but the paper is considered much faster. A residence permit is issued for a maximum of 5 years. Therefore, if you plan to continue to reside in the Russian Federation, it is advisable to take care in advance of receiving a new document several months before the expiration of the existing document.
Registration of the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation
The right to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation appears to a foreigner only after performing all of the above actions. To do this, you must constantly reside in the country, have different documents, and also have a job or just cash, which allows for normal living in the state. It is necessary to figure out which documents for obtaining Russian citizenship are required, as well as which are being performed for this action.
The procedure that allows the applicant to become a citizen of the Russian Federation is divided into several stages. These include:
- Initially, a complete list of documents is collected for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation, which includes a correctly prepared application, a copy of a residence permit, certified by a notary, passport or birth certificate, marriage certificate, documents of education received, refusal of previous citizenship, certificate from a medical institution, pension certificate and receipt of payment of duty;
- additionally, a special certificate is required, confirming that the test in Russian was passed, and for passing this test you will have to pay from 5 to 25 thousand rubles;
- if the applicant has changed personal data before, then you will have to transfer to the FMS certificates obtained from the registry office;
- all collected documentation is transferred to the FMS department, and the process can be performed not only with a personal visit to the institution, but also by sending documents by mail.
It is not required to take a paid test for knowledge of the Russian language if the applicant lived in a country where Russian was state-owned or if a person has already reached retirement age under Russian law. If a foreigner claims to perform the process with children, then a list of documents is additionally prepared for Russian citizenship. These include copies of birth certificates and photographs of minors.
All submitted documents are pre-certified by a notary.
Nuances of design for children
Children can automatically become citizens of the Russian Federation if their parents receive the appropriate status.
If the minor is not yet 14 years old, then registration of this status requires permission from both parents. If the child is already over 14 years old, then consent to receive Russian citizenship is drawn up by him independently.
Simplified Usage Specifics
Some foreigners may claim to use a simplified method of obtaining Russian citizenship. People can count on such a method if one of the following conditions is satisfied:
- there are parents who are Russian citizens;
- previously a person lived in Russia or had citizenship of this country;
- is a citizen of a country that is a member of the USSR in the past, and also received education in an institution created by the Russian Federation;
- acts as a disabled person who arrived in the country from a state that was previously a member of the USSR;
- married to a Russian citizen;
- has children who are citizens of the Russian Federation.
Under such conditions, certain exemptions are granted. For simplified citizenship in the Russian Federation, the list of documents is the same as for general order, but the terms during which papers are prepared and considered are significantly reduced.
The benefits of a simplified procedure
If a simplified procedure for obtaining citizenship is used, then people applying for this status can enjoy certain advantages. These include:
- no testing is required to determine how well the applicant knows the Russian language, so you need to go through an exclusively oral interview;
- prolongs the maximum period during which an immigrant can legally stay in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- simplified conditions for obtaining a residence permit;
- the territory of Russia may intersect officially under simplified conditions.
If a person applies for Russian citizenship, then he must prepare for the fact that he will have to renounce the citizenship of another country where he previously resided. But there are exceptions indicated in international agreements of the Russian Federation with other countries. Dual citizenship is available to some people if it is not possible for various reasons to renounce past citizenship.
Cost and nuances of the process
To obtain this status, a fee of 3.5 thousand rubles is required. Additionally, the preparation of the documentation necessary to complete this process will require a lot of effort, time and money.
Each person applying for Russian citizenship must know what list of documents is being prepared for this. After obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation, it is required to keep all this documentation, since it acts as a proof of the legality of the perfect process.
Conclusion
Russian citizenship is issued by foreigners only with the correct sequence of actions. The process can be carried out in a general or simplified manner. To do this, it is important to correctly prepare a certain package of documents, as well as live in the country in a legal way for a certain amount of time.
The simplified method is considered the most preferable, since it reduces the time that you have to spend on obtaining citizenship. The procedure does not take much time. When applying for Russian citizenship, you will have to give up citizenship of your native country.