In the modern world there are a huge number of gadgets. Paper books replaced electronic pages on monitors. However, books that smell like new paper are still popular. Moreover, their prices are never reduced. This is due to the energy costs that go into the production of books.
What does the book consist of?
Books are created according to the generally accepted pattern. The design elements of the book are the same, but most of them are visible only to people with printing knowledge.
So, if you take the book in your hands, then immediately felt the binding - the outer shell. Sometimes it is covered with a super-jacket - made of thick paper. Such an element protects the book from pollution.
On the left side is the spine. He fastens the sheets of a book block. Damage to the spine leads to the loss of book pages.
Some publishers decorate the book with an additional element - a lass (this is a ribbon or rope that plays the role of a bookmark).
The decoration function is performed by the captal - a thickened colored edge from the braid glued to the spine.
Bookend Book
This is a special element of the book. It connects two important components - a book block of sheets directly with binding. Bookend in the book two. One at the beginning, the second at the end.
Bookend is the most important part, which performs many important functions for readers:
1. Gives the product an aesthetically designed look. Most books are stitched, but readers should not see the thread and the spine from the inside.
2. Personal signature. Some well-known authors arrange autograph sessions and meetings with readers. It is pleasant to have a book of a beloved author, but it is even more pleasant if there is a signature or a wish on it.
3. Reference data. This is characteristic of bookend bookends. Basic background information summarized on the flyleaf helps you quickly find the rule or word you need. There is no need to turn over several tens of pages.
Thus, the bookend is one of the most significant components. It is worth noting that in the word "flyleaf" the stress falls on the first syllable. It is motionless, therefore, there can be no pronunciation options.
Book inside
So, the book is open, binding, spine and bookend studied. What is the design of the book inside?
The very first sheet is called the title page. Basic information is listed here. At the top of the title page, you can find information about the author, about the book itself (name and subtitle, where the genre is indicated, the number of the book, if it is a series, etc.). Below is the information about the publisher - name, year and city.
Next, you can see the output of the book. If it is used for abstract or scientific work, then these data in the list of references are indicated exactly in the form in which they are written in the book. The output contains the information indicated on the title page. The total number of sheets is added to it.
Under the output, as a rule, there is an annotation. This is a brief reference about the genre, about the author, about the plot, etc. Annotation is needed in order to help the reader decide whether the book will be interesting to him or not.
These are the basic elements. They are in every book. Some books have additional components. This can be an avantitul (a sheet located in front of the title one), frontispiece (illustration with a portrait of the author, brief biographical data), etc.
The technology of making books. Initial stages
The best way to find out how books are made is to visit a print shop with a guided tour. However, before the book goes to print, it goes through the following stages:
1. Writing. First of all, the writer or author submits the manuscript to the publishing house. However, this does not mean that the book will go on sale. The editor carefully studies the manuscript. If he liked it, then the publisher begins to manufacture this book.
2. Processing. The publishing house is working on a book a whole team consisting of editors, proofreaders, layout designers. An original layout is compiled: pages, numbering, abstract, bookend. This is quite painstaking work.
3. Printing. After processing, the book is sent to the printing house. It is worth noting that it is printed not page by page (imagine how long it would take), but in whole blocks. The result is a whole pack of paper, which will be collected in a book.
Manufacturing technology. Final stages
The main pages are printed. Now consider how books are made so that each sheet is well fixed:
1. Assembly. Of course, this process has not been performed manually for a long time. This is done by folding machines. The machine folds the sheets in such a way that they are arranged in order.
2. Binding. This is the final stage of the book. The book block is connected to the binding and the book is ready.
Standard classification
The most famous types of binding are soft, hard and leather. Let's consider them in more detail:
1. Soft cover. This type of binding involves gluing a book block to the cover with ordinary glue. This method is suitable for books of small thickness. The cover uses flexible cardboard.
2. Hardcover books. Used for classic publications that are stored for a long time and do not lose their popularity. Hard cover is used for the cover, which is sometimes finished with a cloth. The spine of the book is carefully stitched.
3. Leather binding. This binding is suitable for expensive, gift editions. It is considered unique.
Making a book is a laborious, painstaking, but interesting process.