In two- and three-story country cottages, stairs are one of the essential elements of the interior. Moreover, most often, such structures are assembled with a rotation of 90 degrees. The calculation of such stairs has some of its own characteristics. The constructions of this type must, of course, be made with the exact observance of certain technologies. A staircase with a rotation of 90 degrees should be convenient and safe to operate.
What materials can be assembled?
At the moment, cottages can be installed stairs of this type, made of:
Both of these varieties are quite popular among owners of country houses. Wooden stairs are usually installed in buildings with a classic interior or "folk". Such designs can have carved railings, be painted in different colors, etc.
Metal stairs made of galvanized steel are mounted in houses decorated in any of the modern styles. Structures with wrought iron railings, like wooden ones, are often placed in cottages with a classic design.
Two varieties
There are two main types of metal and wooden stairs with a 90-degree turn:
The first type of lifting structures is installed most often in spacious rooms. Such marches look as solid and solid as possible. Escape ladders with a 90-degree turn are mounted if it is necessary to save a little space in the room. Also, such designs in homes are often used as additional ones.
In addition to ordinary wooden or metal, modular staircases with a 90-degree turn can be installed in private suburban buildings. Such designs are convenient in that they can be easily adjusted to the layout and parameters of almost any room. In addition, such stairs are assembled very easily.
General design rules
When drawing up drawings of stairs with a 90-degree rotation, as well as ordinary ones, it is necessary, among other things, to take into account the following SNiP requirements:
the depth of the steps of the stairs should not be less than 28-30 cm;
if desired, they can be made slightly protruding forward (no more than 2-3 cm);
the optimal height of the steps is 16-25 cm.
The optimal width of the marches themselves is considered to be 90-100 cm. On such a ladder in the future, two people can freely disperse - ascending and descending. Also on such a march, for example, in the future it will be possible to easily move dimensional furniture. But if there is not too much space in the room where the staircase is installed, it is allowed to reduce this parameter to 70 cm.
Safety formula
The height of the railing is determined depending on the growth of people living in the building. But in any case, such a enclosing structure should not be lower than 90 cm.
When calculating the steps of a ladder, among other things, you should use the safety formula:
To make the staircase in the house comfortable and safe, the angle of inclination of its marches should not be less than 30 and more than 40 degrees. The height of all steps in the stairs should be the same. Otherwise, it will be difficult to move around. The exception is only the lowest level. It is allowed to do it a couple of centimeters above the others.
The depth of the platform in front of the door should not be less than 1.2 m. In addition, such a design must be fenced with a railing. The gap between the ceiling and the top step should not be less than 2 m.
Features of calculating stairs with platforms
Such rotary structures have:
Very often, such stairs are installed, including in two-story cottages. In such designs, the length of the lower march can be very small. In any case, according to the regulations, it is impossible to collect it with a height of less than 3 steps.
The upper march in such stairs is usually quite long. But more than 20 steps in it should not be done. In most cases, the length of the upper march in the home staircase does not exceed 10-18 steps.
Also, when designing a staircase with a 90-degree turn with platforms, it should be borne in mind that the width of the latter should be slightly larger than the width of the march itself.
Payment
When designing such a ladder, calculations are made for each of the marches. The space allotted for a staircase with a 90-degree turn is usually limited in a house. Therefore, when calculating such a design, it is important first of all to determine the number of steps of marches and the angle of inclination of the latter. In accordance with this, drawings are subsequently drawn up.
The angle of inclination is determined taking into account the space allotted for the march. If with a ceiling height of 250 cm and a ceiling thickness of 20 cm it will be equal, for example, 320 cm, the calculation can be done as follows:
Next, we use a special table and determine the actual angle of inclination. It will be equal to the optimum 40 degrees. In any case, the space is less than 320 cm, such a march should not be diverted. Otherwise, it will turn out to be too cool.
Knowing the length of the march, the number of steps, taking into account the optimal parameters of their height and depth, will be relatively easy to determine.
Features of calculating a running ladder
Such designs, as well as conventional ones, of course, must also be safe and convenient in movement. Entrance steps in the stairs with a 90-degree turn are trapezoidal. When designing such a structure, among other things, it must be borne in mind that the length of their short side should not be less than 10 cm. In the middle of the march, such steps should have a depth of at least 20 cm.
Stairs are calculated with a rotation of 90 degrees of this type, usually not according to formulas, since this is very difficult, but using special programs. This can be, for example, a graphical method or just a special online calculator.
How to choose an installation location?
Such structures are mounted, of course, most often in the corner of the room. In this case, one of the walls serves as a support for the steps of the lower march, and perpendicular to it - the upper one. Sometimes such stairs are installed and just next to one of the walls. In this case, the steps of the upper march are usually attached to the latter, and two supports are installed under the lower.
Of course, before the staircase mounted in the house with a 90-degree turn, there should be enough free space so that it can be freely approached. In small houses, such structures are usually installed in the living room. In cottages of considerable area, swinging stairs can be mounted in the halls. In living rooms, cabinets and children's rooms such lifting structures are not recommended. And of course, the staircase in the house should be mounted in such a way that it does not offer a view of the interior of the bedrooms, showers or restrooms.
Features of the selection of materials for steel structures
Metal stairs with a rotation of 90 degrees in the house are usually installed ready-made, assembled at the enterprises. The exception in this case is only street structures of this type, for example, firefighters. Such stairs in private homes can also be made with their own hands.
Supports for structures of this type are usually made of channels. As supports under the steps, pieces of a corner with a shelf of 40-50 mm can be welded to their vertical surface. Thus bowstrings are made.
To assemble the kosour, corners welded at an angle of 90 degrees are attached to the upper surface of the support channels that are angled at an angle. Platforms in such stairs are most often made lattice. The same goes for stairs. Collect such structures from corners and rods of 8 mm. At the final stage, the platforms and steps of such stairs can be sheathed with a board.
Selection of material for wooden stairs
Such constructions in country houses are usually collected from thick boards. For the supporting part of the steps, 30 mm materials are taken. For vertical elements that do not carry supports, a 25 mm board is used. The steps are fixed to the march exclusively on bolts. Self-tapping screws are not used for this purpose. When using such materials, the steps of a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn subsequently quickly become loose.
A 4 cm wide board is usually used for the handrail of the railing . This element of the staircase construction is fastened to balusters made of timber. At the same time, studs or bolts are used as fasteners. The latter at the final stage are masked with a putty designed for wood with sawdust.
Installation of stairs with platforms
Designs of this type can be assembled with a 90-degree rotation both on bowstrings and on kosoura. In the first case, the supports of the march will be simple wide boards with the supports under the steps crammed with bars. When assembling such supports, the craftsmen use a construction square. It is important to fill the bars on the bowstrings so that after installation they are placed strictly vertically.
Do-it-yourself stairs are a little harder to assemble. In this case, the boards are first cut according to a special template, depending on the depth and height of the steps. The latter are mounted in the serrated grooves cut in their upper part.
Installation of a wooden interfloor staircase with a 90-degree turn is usually carried out using the following technology:
supports are installed under the lower platform, and its frame is mounted;
braids or bowstrings of the lower march are attached to the site;
the boards of risers and treads are stuffed;
supports are installed under the upper platform;
between the upper and lower platforms are set kosoura or bowstrings;
the boards of the lower platform are stuffed;
the steps of the lower and upper marches are mounted.
At the final stage, the upper area is sheathed. Next, the master proceeds with the installation of railings and fences. Balusters on the stairs are usually installed at each step. If there are small children in the house, they should be arranged more often. But at the same time, it should be monitored to ensure that the child subsequently could not stick his head between the balusters and get stuck.
Features of installation of running structures
When assembling stairs with a 90-degree turn with rotary steps, of course, certain technologies are mandatory. Lifting structures of this type also consist of two marches. But at the same time, they do not have a lower platform. It is replaced by several running trapezoidal steps. Usually no more than 3-4 of them are included in the design of the stairs.
The simplest staircase to the 2nd floor of this type is going approximately as follows:
stepping back from the wall to the estimated width, establish support under the lower march and the running steps;
a second support is placed next to the wall;
braces are attached to the supports;
Mount the steps of the lower march;
cut and mount cross-country steps;
Mount braids and steps of the upper march.
Next, sheathe the upper platform in front of the door and mount the railing.
Sometimes such stairs lead to the second floor or to the attic directly through the ceiling. In this case, at the first stage, the opening is cut in the last. Kosoura or bowstrings of the upper march in this case are attached directly to the ceiling structures. A parapet at such a staircase is installed on the top floor around a cut out opening. Height, like the railing of the march, it should have at least 90 cm.
Staircase decoration
Designs of this type in country houses usually look very solid. Finished metal stairs with a 90-degree turn most often do not need additional design. Board constructions of this type, after assembly, are additionally stained or treated with coatings that preserve the visible structure of wood.
In the latter case, experienced homeowners recommend using oil or wax to decorate the stairs. Many masters do not recommend varnish for painting such structures. When using this material, the staircase will subsequently be cheap and do not look too stylish.
Also on the marches of such designs often lay carpet paths. The main decoration of homemade wooden stairs is usually a railing. They, of course, are best made carved. If you don’t have enough skills to do such woodwork, you can just buy ready-made turned balusters in the store. Such elements will cost not too expensive. And the stairs to the 2nd floor, if available, will look finished and as solid as possible.