In the construction of any house, the rafter system, which is made of wood , plays an important role. Moreover, nothing depends on what material the building is being built from. Such elements are suitable for any type of roof. The roof as a result can have any form, for example, it can be single-pitched, hip, mansard and so on - there are several options. In this article, we will consider what the construction of the roof of a wooden house is, discuss its main types and forms, their pros and cons.
Construction characteristics
First of all, during the construction of a residential building, the future form of the frame is chosen.
The device of the roof truss system in a wooden house, the complexity of the execution, the material, the current loads depend on this indicator.
Shape selection
When choosing a form, the following factors must be considered:
- The amount of precipitation that falls in this region. If this number has the maximum value, then the roof structure of the wooden house should be high, at a large angle. If the amount of precipitation is insignificant, choose the flat option.
- Type of roofing material. The choice of this element is significantly affected by the slope of the roof. For each type of roof there is a certain indicator.
In some cases, people want to build a roof that matches their personal preferences. In this case, an individual calculation of the loads on the frame is performed, based on which a certain type of roof is selected.
Main varieties
The roof structure of a wooden house can be of two types: flat and pitched. The first view is set at an angle of ten degrees. Everything above will be considered pitched. In turn, these species can have a different shape, each of which affects the characteristics of the coating. The simplest are flat and gable views. Next, we consider in detail each of them.
Single slope
This is the simplest roof construction of a wooden house.
It is a slope, the plane of which rests on the supporting walls of the building of different heights. This design is also used for utility structures.
Gable
Among the positive aspects of this type are the following:
- If the installation is completed correctly, the thermal insulation properties of the roof will be increased.
- When erecting high pitched roofs, an additional space appears that can be used as an attic.
- In winter, snow does not linger on the roof and is removed on its own. Due to this, the design is not subjected to additional loads.
- The gable roof of a wooden house, the construction of which is a triangle, does not retain moisture, which is so harmful to wood.
- The gable roof is installed in such a way that rainwater or snowmelt water does not get on the wooden walls. This feature increases the life of the house.
- Inexpensive repair.
- Installation of a gable roof does not take much time and effort.
Flat
The design of the flat roof of a wooden house allows its use in those areas of the country where a small amount of precipitation is observed. As a rule, such houses are being built in the southern regions.
The flat roof is similar in design to the roof of high-rise buildings.
The creation of such an element does not require large investments, since it is not necessary to erect a massive rafter system. Such a system consists of the following elements:
- strong wooden base;
- hydro, steam and thermal insulation.
Hip
A feature of this species is the presence of two slopes of a triangular shape, which are located near the gables. These rectangular pieces are called hips. The installation of the roof truss system in a wooden house is a rather complicated matter, therefore its installation requires special skills. In the upper part, as a rule, a window is installed.
Half hip
This design is located between two other types of roofs: hip and gable. Compared with the previous view, it has the shape of a trapezoid. In the upper part, at the fronts, there are triangular slopes. Here you can also install a window or ennoble the appearance with the help of half-hips.
Hip hipped roof
This view resembles an ancient hut, which has a triangular shape. Elements are interconnected at one top point. The sides of the roof are equal on all sides, but the ridge is not available. This design is usually used for rectangular or square houses. It withstands precipitation and strong gusts of wind.
Pliers
Distinctive features of this species is the presence of many indents, ribs and skates. It is designed specifically for a particular house. Installation of this design is quite complicated, requiring certain skills, so it is better to entrust the work to professionals.
The construction of the attic roof of a wooden house
In another way, this system is called a broken line. It is located at a certain angle, which is used in the construction of the attic. Thanks to the kink, which is located on a slope, an additional room can be built in the attic. In addition, a window of any size can be mounted in the roof.
Dome
This species is quite rare. It has the shape of a cone and does not contain any corners and indents.
This type is used as individual elements on small structures, for example, on a gazebo. When installing a round roof on a large building, a lot of time and effort is expended, and this process is also quite expensive.
Combined
This type has the most complex design of all of the above, since it combines several types. It is installed on large buildings, where there are arbors, balconies, etc. In it, you can install windows of both small and large sizes. Such a device of a wooden house is very expensive, and installation without specialists is impossible.
Elements of the roof of a wooden house
The main elements of any roof include: rafter system, lathing and Mauerlat. There are also additional elements, such as racks, supports, crossbars, etc. They are fasteners and are responsible for the strength of the entire structure as a whole. Let us consider in detail each main element.
Mauerlat
It is a wooden beam, which is used as the main fastener for the rafter system. It is located near the bearing walls from different sides. Corner Mauerlat are interconnected using wooden beams, brackets and bolts. Beams are installed in half section.
Mauerlat is mounted on the bearing walls of the house, or rather, on the anchor. It is tied with clamps or ropes. Then perform waterproofing. As a rule, it is made from layers of roofing material, although other material can also be used.
Rafter system
The base of any roof is a rafter system. All its structural elements, dimensions and shape are directly related to the future structure. Particular attention is paid to the correct arrangement of load-bearing walls and supports. As them can serve as wooden beams of various sizes and lengths. Other material may be used.
There are two types of rafter systems: layered and hanging. The first type of wooden system consists of support beams that can be installed not only on load-bearing walls, but also on partitions. The hanging structure is also located on the bearing walls, but unlike the previous view, it does not rest on the partitions. Jumpers are made to distribute the loads between the supports. They are fixed at the ends. Thus, pressure is perceived not by a separate part of the wall, but by the structure as a whole.
To understand this issue, consider a simple gable roof. The roof device of a wooden house, namely the rafter system, depends on the distance between the walls. There are such options:
1. The distance between the bearing walls is less than 6 meters. In this case, the rafter system will be installed on the Mauerlat throughout the area. This design is considered very durable, so it can withstand any roofing material.
2. The distance between the bearing walls is in the range of 6 to 8 meters. At the same time, several rafter systems are interconnected using a crossbar.
3. The distance between the bearing walls is in the range of 8 to 12 meters. Such a rafter system has its own characteristics. Wooden beams are installed on partitions, and one such element is enough. It happens that the distance is 16 meters. Then there are several such supports.
If the house has no internal load-bearing walls, and the distance is large, then it is better to use a hanging type of rafters. In this case, the design will rely on the tightening, and it, in turn, on the Mauerlat. The tightening should be continuous. If this is not possible, then a collapsible will do.
At the beginning of the work, the rafters are always installed at the extreme points of the wall. The shape of the roof depends on them. The installation of intermediate rafters depends on the insulation material.
What is the meaning of the crate?
Lathing is an important bonding element in the roof.
If it will be made of soft material, then the crate is made solid. As it can be wooden plywood. For more durable and massive roofing materials, a crate with a step of 50 cm is chosen. The strength and appearance of the roof depends on the type of roofing material.
Materials
The roof device of a wooden house can be varied. There are many types of data materials. Among them, the following are distinguished:
- rolled;
- bitumen;
- ceramic and metal tiles;
- slate;
- ondulin.
For small houses and outbuildings, as a rule, a light roof is chosen, for example, ondulin, corrugated board and metal tile. Installation of these materials does not take much time and effort. In addition, their low cost is attracting more and more people. Ondulin costs from 250 rubles per sheet, metal tiles - 300 rubles, corrugated board - 200 rubles. A wide selection of both foreign and domestic brands is presented on the market. Each of the materials has its own characteristics, appearance and characteristics.
For large multi-storey buildings, they use a more powerful and heavy roofing material, for example, ceramic tile. Its cost in the market reaches 400 rubles per sheet, while you still have to spend money on its installation. Such a roof can withstand any atmospheric precipitation, load, increases noise insulation properties.
For ordinary buildings, you can use budget materials, for example, roofing material, the cost of which reaches 100 rubles per roll. Before installing the roof, it is necessary to put a heater.
additional information
All elements of the roof of the house require special attention. First of all, they pay attention to the condition of the wood, namely, such features:
- Wooden timber should be of natural moisture.
- The edged board is dried in a special chamber.
- Glued wood elements should have a moisture content of 2-3%.
When designing the roof of a wooden house, it is necessary to take into account such an indicator as shrinkage.
If you do not follow this characteristic, you will often have to repair the roof.
The rafter system also requires a special relationship. When choosing it, the following rules should be considered:
- rafter system is being calculated;
- before installing the roof, the wooden house must last at least a year;
- on roofing material is not worth saving.
If all points are carefully observed, then the design will last you quite a long time.
After installation, the roof of a wooden house is periodically checked for damage. If identified, they should be removed immediately. If this is not done, then the situation will worsen, and you will have to spend even more money on repairing the roof.
So, we examined what roofing materials exist and what is the structure of the roof of a wooden house. Now you know what type of construction can be implemented in practice.