Proper ventilation of the office provides a high-quality microclimate for the functioning of the enterprise. One of the evidence for this is studies conducted during outbreaks of viral diseases. In organizations that have office premises with a properly installed ventilation system, the level of disease is much lower.
Regulations
Even at the construction planning stage, design documentation for future premises is being developed.
It must have a number of sections, which include the item "ventilation". For the calculation and development of the project in this direction, a whole list of regulatory documents is used: GOST 30494, GOST 12.1.005, SanPiN 2.1.2.1002 and SanPiN 2.2.4.548.
In order to choose the right equipment, the purpose of the premises, their area, the planned number of employees, heating systems, natural ventilation, etc. are determined. It is necessary to consider in detail all the specifics of this topic.
Calculation technology
Office ventilation requires a performance calculation. For this we need the following data:
- Office parameters: height and area.
- The number of staff. Plus - the estimated flow of visitors.
The calculation is carried out according to two formulas.
First, the air exchange rate is calculated:
L1 = n * S * H, where L1 is the air exchange rate, n is the norm of the air exchange rate (for administrative premises it is 2.5), S is the area and H is the height of the rooms.
It is further calculated by the estimated number of employees:
L = N * L2, where N is the number of employees, L2 is the standard indicator per person (for administrative buildings from 40 to 60 cubic meters per hour).
From two calculations, the maximum indicator is taken and laid in the foundations of the selection of ventilation systems.
Additional data for selection
Since there are many types of equipment and systems, others can also be added to the main characteristics:
- Calculation of the power of the heater. Serves for heating the supplied air.
- Air velocity, section of the conductive system.
- Pressure level created by fans in operating mode.
- Noise level. At high rates, a separate room for the installation of the aggregate part will be required. Also, this indicator should be taken seriously if the office is in a residential building (so that there is no conflict with tenants during operation).
- The possibility of placement in a separate room, conducting ceiling wiring.
The requirements for offices should be considered in terms of regulations. It is to achieve such a microclimate that equipment is selected.
Standards for Offices
SanPiNs provide certain climate requirements for administrative premises, which include offices. The norms are spelled out as follows:
- The optimum temperature is 20-22 ° C. The acceptable range is from 18 to 24 ° C.
- Relative humidity - 45–30%. Permissible - up to 60%.
- Air speed from 0.2 m / s, permissible - up to 0.3 m / s.
With such indicators, the working capacity of office workers will be maximum.
But deviations in one direction or another according to the law are fraught with a shorter day for employees, as well as cancellation of the working day.
Therefore, the installation of ventilation systems is mandatory in cases of violation of climatic conditions. But what kind of plan should be decided in each case. Having dealt with the technical requirements, it is worth considering what ventilation installations exist.
Varieties
Office ventilation is selected individually. Sometimes this happens to be an existing system. Consider what types of ventilation classifications exist:
- by the way of work: natural and mechanical;
- by girth area: local, general exchange;
- according to the functionality: supply, exhaust, supply and exhaust.
There are a number of systems based on classification:
- cassette and autonomous air conditioning;
- supply and exhaust ventilation.
Systems
Initially, it should be noted that this equipment should not be considered as a full-fledged supply and exhaust device. Typically, these systems are used to create favorable humidity and temperature.
However, they do not serve for the influx of fresh air. There are several types of such devices:
- Monoblock. It is used in rooms with the minimum area. Mounted on a window opening. Able to create optimal temperature conditions. Cheap option. With this form, natural ventilation of the office is required.
- Split system Also used in offices with a small area. Creates an optimal microclimate. Some models are capable of filtering air using built-in filters. The evaporator is usually mounted on a wall indoors, and the condenser is mounted on the outside. One kind of split systems is a multisystem. It consists of several evaporators and one condenser. It is also an inexpensive type of equipment.
The air conditioning system of the office is selected by calculating the required power and functionality that they want to get from it. As a rule, such devices require mandatory maintenance. This is a replacement of filters, and flushing the system.
Such equipment is used, rather, as an addition to a conventional mechanical supply and exhaust system. Moreover, it is seasonal application, that is, in summer.
Cassette Air Conditioners
One of the most interesting devices for ventilation of office premises. Unlike conventional ones, this analogue can be used for large areas. But its installation will require a sub-ceiling space for wiring communications.
Consider what is remarkable for this type of equipment:
- It performs the main function - creating the optimal microclimate. Some models provide airflow. It can be equipped with options: moisturizing, ionization, drainage.
- Low noise, which is important for office premises.
- Safe cooling. Air flows into the office space in four directions over the ceiling.
- Aesthetic look.
Such systems can be used as part of the supply ventilation, and this is a definite plus.
Duct air conditioner
A good alternative to ventilation routing. This type of equipment is positioned as a stand-alone air conditioner.
Such a device can be used floor by floor. For it, both inlet and outlet ventilation are used.
For the installation of the channel element and ducts, a sub-ceiling space is required. There is a capacity of such devices: low-pressure, medium-pressure, high-pressure. Advantages of such devices:
- Work with the influx of fresh air.
- Hidden eyeliner system.
- Silent work.
- The ability to maintain a microclimate in several rooms.
However, there are a number of disadvantages: complex calculation, installation, maintenance; it is impossible to independently set the temperature in each room.
Office ventilation with dimensions up to 600 square meters. m. will be provided with sufficiently high quality such a system.
Supply and exhaust ventilation
The systems considered earlier are not relevant for large business centers. For such buildings it is better to provide central air conditioning. Such devices require installation away from offices, as this is quite noisy equipment.
Such ventilation installations help to solve a number of problems in ensuring the microclimate of the office:
- Temperature condition. In cold weather - work for heating, in warm - for cooling.
- Moisturizing.
- Drainage.
- Fresh air supply.
- Outflow of polluted air.
With the help of such installations the most comfortable working conditions are achieved.
Along with the advantages, there are a number of specific nuances:
- The complexity of the calculation and installation.
- Significant one-time costs for the purchase and installation of equipment.
- Air ducts require a sub-ceiling space.
Initial costs more than justify themselves during the operation of the equipment. They will be significantly less than the maintenance of numerous individual air conditioners.
A little more about ventilation
Do not forget that there is still natural ventilation of the premises. And in any case, periodic ventilation is required before and after work. Also, most of the buildings already at the construction stage are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. But given the fact that reality often does not correspond to project documentation, additional devices have to be used to maintain optimal microclimate in offices.
Do not forget about the maintenance of ventilation systems. Otherwise, they will become not a influx of a fresh breath of air, but a hotbed of bacteria. Ventilation equipment requires cleaning, as well as replacing filters, periodic washing.
Conclusion
The office ventilation system is one of the important factors for the successful operation of the enterprise. Therefore, compliance with SanPiNs and state standards is necessary not so much for inspections as for caring for staff. Do not forget that a person spends most of his life at work.
So, we found out what ventilation systems and systems exist.