The drainage system during house operation plays an important role. Its main task is the collection and removal of sedimentary flows to the right place. Proper arrangement of drains helps prevent the destruction of the facade, walls, and the foundation of the building. In addition, the drain refers to the decorative element of the house. Collected rainwater can be used for various domestic needs, watering plants.
Gutter types
There are two main types of effluents that divert melt and rainwater :
- The drain is external.
- Interior.
They are installed both on a standard hard roof and on a soft one.
Indoor drain
With this arrangement of the sewage system, all work items are located inside the building. This type of drain does not allow pipes to freeze and is used only on flat roofs. It differs from the outside in that it is not visible from the facade, which significantly improves the exterior. Wastes from sewers go to drainage or to a designated place in the yard.
The system includes:
- pipeline;
- receiving funnels with a collector;
- special connectors that allow you to clean the system.
Outdoor drain
This is the most popular drainage system installed on the facade of the building. It is the external gutter that is equipped with the majority of suburban and private houses. The main convenience of this technology is that the gutter can be installed after the construction of the building is completed, while the internal one is installed before the finishing work.
Water intake funnels are located at the corners of the house, each of them can be taken separately to the drainage or, by connecting pipes, to provide a drain in only one outlet.
Arrangement of an external drainage system has several advantages:
- Installation is quite simple, special construction knowledge is not required.
- The system in operation almost does not require maintenance.
- When assembling the design does not require professional tools.
Material selection
Modern outdoor gutters of buildings can be made of plastic and metal:
- carbon (black steel);
- of stainless steel;
- titanium;
- copper;
- aluminum
- plastic etc.
The most common and affordable is the external gutter of ordinary steel. To prevent the formation of corrosion, it is coated with zinc or polymers (such a material looks very attractive, as it is made in color).
Why is it necessary to carry out the drainage device
- The integrity of the foundation of the house is maintained. If an external gutter is organized, sewage from the roof will not erode and wash it.
- During hail or heavy snow, the drainage system ensures safety. Snow, accumulating on the roof, gathers in large clods and can be injured if it falls from a height.
- Using the drainage system, you can control wastewater, direct it to the right place and get rid of puddles in front of the house.
All these qualities make outdoor structures quite popular not only in industrial, but also in private construction.
Depending on preferences and needs, you can choose a pipe section. The drains can be rectangular, round and square.
Device
The external gutter consists of the following elements:
- Horizontal gutters that receive moisture draining from the roof.
- Vertical gutter to drain from the roof of the water.
- The funnel needed to receive the drains and drain them into the gutters.
- Plugs that are installed at the ends of the gutters.
- Parts of fasteners (brackets for gutters and holders for pipes).
The effectiveness of the drainage system is largely dependent on the shape of the gutters. The cross section of this element is:
- semicircular;
- rectangular;
- trapezoidal.
In addition to the standard set of elements, the gutter system may include:
- Storm receivers redirecting water entering drainpipes into storm sewers.
- Mesh liners. They are installed in funnels to hold debris that can clog the drain pipe.
- Drippers providing the best stack from the edge of the roof.
Installation of an external drain
The drainage device includes two stages:
- project development;
- mounting.
Any drainage device begins with the development of the project. As a rule, on its basis, an estimate and a work plan will be drawn up in the future. The project should make a calculation of the diameter and cross-section of the pipes, their location, the number of receiving funnels and drainage guides. When working, you need to take into account the roof area and the angle of the roof. Experts advise installing on a branch pipe and a funnel at each corner.
To install an external drainage system you will need:
- Water drainage system.
- Fasteners (hooks, brackets, gaskets, etc.).
- Puncher, screwdriver, hammer, saw.
- Installation instructions. It is different for all manufacturers, therefore all recommendations should be strictly followed.
First of all, you need to measure the corners of the house. Install the gutter gutter you need to start from the highest of them. Using a puncher and a screwdriver, a bracket is mounted on the eaves overhang. The next fastening is done at a distance of 50-60 cm. Be sure to take into account the angle of inclination of the drain, which should be up to 5 mm for each m / p.
The system can be assembled on the ground or immediately on the roof, but the first option is more convenient. Many companies immediately manufacture elements with hidden locks, so no additional fasteners are needed to connect them. The only thing that needs to be done is to thoroughly coat each seam with sealant. After this, you need to raise the pipe and install it on the hook. In the places indicated in the project, special openings are made for the intake funnels, from which the drain pipe of the external drain to the drainage or into the yard is discharged.
Where to drain the water?
If the house is located on a hill, concrete gutters can be laid on the ground under drainpipes. Water will flow down them. If the surrounding buildings or land do not allow for a natural drainage, a drain pit is constructed. If there is a well or a well on the site, a pit is placed near them. Typically, the size of the drain pit is 1-2 meters. So that the walls of the recess do not begin to crumble, it is lined with bricks from the inside, while leaving a hole for the inlet pipe on one side. The effluents entering the pit will gradually go into the ground. The pipe leading to the drain pit is laid in a trench with a slope, while it is located below the depth of freezing of the soil. If the laying depth is less, the pipe or the ground above it must be insulated.