The style of fiction has its own specifics. It serves the emotional and aesthetic area of the individual. The main properties of the art style are:
a) aesthetic;
b) impact on emotions: with the help of artistic images , an impact is made on the feelings and thoughts of readers;
c) communicative: the ability to elicit a response in the mind of the reader, due to which thoughts are transmitted from one person to another.
The style-forming elements in literary works are often the means of artistic expression. There are many of them and they are diverse. Often they serve to enhance the expressiveness and imagery of the text.
Means of artistic expressiveness are divided into lexical or general means, on paths and on syntactic constructions or figures of speech.
Lexical or general means include: antonyms, synonyms, homonyms, paronyms. It is impossible to distinguish one style of fiction from another without such lexical elements as dialectisms, jargon, professionalism, and terms. Actively involved in the creation of styles are also neologisms and archaisms, borrowing and phraseological units, book, colloquial and expressive-emotional vocabulary.
Trails are words and lexical constructions that are used in a figurative sense to achieve an artistic effect and create an image. The mechanism of influence of tropes is based on the correlation of two concepts that have different semantic plans. Two meanings acquire a new realization, for example, the literal meaning is compared with the allegorical, situational, referring only to this situation. The image is created by a shift in the meaning of the word - from a general linguistic (direct) to a figurative, figurative meaning, which allows you to increase the significance, enhance the expressiveness and graphic character of the text.
In other words, paths are a means of artistic expression that can enhance the visual properties of an image. They allow you to clearly convey clarity, depicting an object or phenomenon, and thereby affect the senses, causing emotions. In this case, the question inevitably arises: can all words be paths? Any words with qualities such as imagery, double-meaning, or two-dimensionality and expressiveness can act as paths.
How many paths should be in the fiction? It is believed that a literary text in which there are no paths (it is called autologous) is opposed to a text that is saturated with them (metalogical).
Pathways include comparisons, metaphors and metonyms, as well as personifications, synecdochi, periphrases, epithets, hyperbolas and oxymoron. The authors also use the grotesque, pathos, irony, paradox and litota.
Authors use syntactic figures when they want to emphasize, emphasize, contrast or strengthen an impression. These include: antithesis, gradation, repetition, period, anaphora, epiphora and hypophore, as well as rhetorical constructions: exclamation, question and appeal. In addition, means of artistic expression include allegory and parceling, polysyndeton and asindeton, ellipsis and silence, grotesque and pathos.
As for the style-forming features of the artistic style, they include a figurative image of reality, the artistic specificity of the author’s intention, expressed through a system of images, expressiveness, emotionality and appreciation. Individual author style and the speech characteristics of the characters are also required.
It should be noted that the theme of a work of art dictates and restricts the use of linguistic means, subordinating their choice to the intention of the author and including them in the system of images.