Hand-held electric tools have gained great popularity in recent years. One of the most popular is a hammer drill. It is used in any production and in domestic conditions.
Proper use of this tool will not only extend its life, but also save on consumables. Hammer drills differ from those used in drills, which means that their mounting method will be different. How to properly insert the drill into the punch, consider below.
What is a hammer drill
With the widespread use of a punch, construction and repair work has been greatly simplified. Indeed, in cases in which drilling of holes in concrete, brick, asphalt is required, this device is indispensable. Everywhere where impact drilling is required. In addition, it is used to perform tasks specific to a drill, although the perforator cartridge is different.
This tool has three standard features:
- drilling without impact;
- drilling using a special drill with a shock;
- punching holes with chisels, peaks or blades.
Another difference between a puncher and a drill is that it has great power. It starts at 700 watts and reaches 3 kW.
Used nozzles
The list of work performed by the puncher is large:
- drilling;
- cutting large diameter holes;
- chiselling;
- strobing.
To perform these tasks, various nozzles made of durable materials are used.
For drilling holes in concrete or brick, there are drills made of high-strength steel with victorious tips. For their fixation in the cartridge there are several varieties of shanks:
- SDS plus. This variety is the most common. It is used for drills with a diameter of 4-26 mm.
- SDS max. Shanks of this type have a longer groove. They are used in heavy tools of high power. The diameter of these drills is over 26 mm. The length of such drills is from 25 cm to 1.2 m.
- SDS quick. This is a rare variety of shanks. They are used in Bosch rotary hammers. How to insert a drill with a similar shank into a regular tool? To do this, change the cartridge.
On the tail end, all nozzles are identical. The working part differs depending on the function:
- Drills are used for drilling holes. The difference in tips will depend on the hardness of the material to be drilled.
- Crowns are used to cut large diameter holes. For example, under a power outlet or for a factory in a water pipe room.
- Peaks, blades, chisels turn a perforator into a jackhammer. With their help, you can break partitions, punch large holes, lay grooves in the walls for laying electric cables.
Tool Chucks
How to insert a drill into a perforator? For quick installation of the nozzle and its change, the SDS cartridge was invented. This mechanism was developed in the 30s of the last century. To fix the drill in the device, simply insert it, turning slightly to grope the grooves and snap into place. The SDS mechanism combines the balls with the grooves of the shank and securely fixes it. In order to remove the nozzle back, you need to press on the cartridge in the direction of the punch body and pull out the drill. To make the shank easily fit into the cartridge, you need to lubricate it with graphite grease. It will also improve the sliding of the balls entering the grooves. As the lubricant dries, repeat the procedure.
Can I insert a drill with a conventional drill?
The drill of a conventional drill is different. On its shank there are neither grooves, nor grooves, nor hooks. However, for drilling metal you need just the simple. How to insert a drill into the puncher in this case?
For this, a removable cartridge is used, which has a shank, like a conventional nozzle, and is inserted into the SDS mechanism. These cartridges come in two flavors:
- Cam type. It is a collet clamp, which is actuated by a key. Along the perimeter of this cartridge there are teeth that form a gear. The key engages with these teeth, and the torque is transmitted through the gear to the collet mechanism, clamping or releasing the drill.
- Keyless type. To actuate such devices, enough hand effort. The gearbox used in the cartridge of this type has a larger gear ratio than the previous one. In addition, a ratchet mechanism is often used, limiting the force of rotation and preventing self-loosening.
Possible malfunctions of the cartridge and their elimination
A common cartridge malfunction is the inability to fix the nozzle. The inserted drill flies back during operation. There is a simple reason for this, and anyone can fix it on their own. To do this, disassemble the cartridge:
- Remove the rubber boot by prying it from the end with a small flat-blade screwdriver.
- Remove the snap ring with the same screwdriver.
- Remove the plastic boot.
After that, the whole mechanism becomes visible. Most often, such a malfunction is caused by the wear of the steel ring fixing the balls of the SDS mechanism. Constant shock loads wear out the walls of the ring, rendering it unusable.
To eliminate the cause, replace the retaining ring with a new one. Then reassemble everything in reverse order.
Simple drill chucks are not designed for shock loads. What to do if it is out of order? First, determine the nature of the breakdown. If the key slips when tightening, then you just need to replace it. In the event of a malfunction of the internal mechanism, the cartridge itself must be replaced on the shank. To do this:
- Tighten the shank.
- Bring collet mechanism to maximum diameter.
- Remove the screw that is inside. Attention: the screw has a non-standard left-hand thread. So, you need to unscrew it clockwise.
- Remove the cartridge from the shank and install a new one.
- Tighten the screw.
Before inserting a drill into a hammer drill with a new cartridge, you should check its performance.
If the drill is stuck
It happens that in the process of running on time, an unlubricated shank leads to jamming. The locking mechanism is filled with dust from drilling, and the drill cannot be pulled out. What to do in this case? No need to panic or immediately run away for repairs. Using penetrating lubricants will solve this problem. These products are available in aerosol cans and have a low consistency. Therefore, they operate in places that are difficult to access. To remove the drill, it is necessary to inject grease directly into the drill hole and leave the tool alone for 10-15 minutes. Then, with smooth, swaying movements, remove the drill.
It must be remembered that before inserting the drill into the drill, it is necessary to lubricate the shank. This will save the cartridge for many years.