Insulating the premises of the house being built from excess noise is an important part of construction. Previously, materials that had good sound conductivity were economically saved and used on this. Now the requirements for the use of sound-absorbing materials in construction are being tightened. After all, excess noise entering the house from the outside or from neighboring rooms causes stress.
Types of Acoustic Materials
Two terms are used to designate acoustic materials, which are sometimes confused. So, soundproofing materials are often called sound absorbing, although the principle is different. The former serve as an obstacle to the sound wave and prevent acoustic noise from penetrating the soundproof structure. The second absorbs the sound and does not allow its reflection from possible obstacles back.
Application in the construction of acoustic materials
In order to protect the room from unnecessary sounds, it is necessary to establish a barrier to acoustic waves. To provide sound insulation, a multilayer floor or walls are built so that the energy of sound waves is dissipated inside them. Sound absorbing materials are mainly used for cladding industrial premises where noise reduction is necessary . They are also used to create improved acoustic properties of those rooms that are intended for radio studios, auditoriums, and audiences. The ability to absorb sound is explained by the porous structure of materials, where open pores communicate with each other. Their diameter is no more than two millimeters. In order to evaluate how effective sound-absorbing materials are, it is necessary to calculate the sound-absorption coefficient, which is equal to the ratio of absorbed energy to the number of sound waves incident on the material, taken in total.
Sound absorbing materials have a different structure. They can be cellular, fibrous or granular; resonant sound absorbers or porous. The stiffness is distinguished soft, which are made of microfiber or mineral wool, hard and semi-rigid - fiberglass or mineral wool boards.
Soft materials, which include rolls or mats, are used together with sheet perforated screens made of aluminum and other metals. Semi-rigid sound absorbing materials coated with a film or porous paint. Hard plates for sound absorption have a fibrous structure. They are made of granulated mineral wool or suspended. Solid sound absorbing materials include varieties such as mortar and slabs. To select the necessary acoustic materials, it is necessary to proceed from the purpose of the room, its architectural features.
Modern materials for sound absorption are made from mineral wool on a basalt basis, and their sound absorption coefficient is 0.9. For use in floor constructions, staple fiberglass mats are used. They can reduce noise by thirty-seven decibels. In horizontal ceilings, fiberglass, which has a one-sided bitumen coating, is used as sound insulation. Perforated metal cladding is used for frame walls to absorb sound when installing ceilings. Soft sound-absorbing cladding is used for floors and ceilings in rooms where there are special requirements for acoustics. The material of the new generation is foamed polyethylene. It is more reliable than other materials, but also much more expensive.
During the construction of residential premises, soundproof panels made of modern synthetic materials are used. They have high strength and durability.
The main requirements for materials that are designed to absorb noise is the sound absorption coefficient of not less than 0.2, the density of materials not more than three hundred to four hundred kilograms per cubic meter. Be sure the material must be fire resistant, environmentally friendly and resist decay.