The usable area of the attic in the country or in a residential building would be foolish not to use. The room will turn out smaller than on the first floor, but compositional can be played up to the attic in different ways. If the roof is a pitched roof, the attic is unlikely to succeed, a full-fledged second floor device will be required. A gable roof with a ridge in the center will make the room approximately two times smaller than the first floor of the house.
In general, the installation of mansard roofs is possible with a ground floor width of at least 5 m. And the angle formed by the roof slope and the ceiling should be between 40º - 55º. An option is possible when the attic goes beyond the ground floor. Then reliance is made on the remote consoles in the ceiling and columns, on which the weight of the protruding part of the attic is distributed. Below make a glazed or open veranda.
Often the side walls in the attic are beveled. This is compelled by the desire to increase the usable area of the room. But it is possible to make a room with vertical side walls, without reducing the space. This device is a broken mansard roof. It turns out four-slope, the ramps are located one above the other. The angle forming the upper ramps is obtuse. Here, the device of the rafter system of the attic roof does not differ from the usual one: racks, abutting against floor beams, side and ridge rafters, upper wall trim. The number of vertical beams is usually equal to the number of side rafters, but so that the distance between them is no more than 2 m.
The installation of mansard roofs involves the insulation of ceilings similar to the insulation of walls of residential premises. A multi-layered roof cake looks something like this:
- roofing (for the attic, it is desirable to use shingles);
- external crate (counterrail);
- vapor permeable membrane;
- rafters (insulation is placed between them);
- vapor barrier material;
- rack battens;
- inner lining.
The floor of the attic (the ceiling of the first floor) has the same structure, with the only difference being that the insulation is laid between the bars that form the Mauerlat, and there is no roofing.
The first operation with which the installation of mansard roofs begins is the assembly of the rafter system. A beam with a section of 100 × 100 mm, impregnated with an antiseptic composition, is used. Pre-stacked waterproofing. In this quality, you can use roofing material. Then the rafter frame is assembled, vertical racks, a Mauerlat (a lattice made of timber, which is the support and the basis for the side rafters) are installed on it. Mauerlat beams are laid with a slight indentation from the outer wall of the house. Fastens to a wall with brackets or bolts.
Now installed side rafters. The same bar is used for them, only it is advisable to choose with a minimum number of knots. Where the project includes windows, the rafters are sewn with two bars, which will serve as the basis for the window.
The device of the attic roofs ends with the installation of a ridge beam and the laying of the multilayer roofing pie mentioned above. In principle, the installation process is simple, if everything is done according to technology.