Didactics is one of the sections of pedagogy that deals with the general theory of teaching and education. The author of this term is considered Ratke - a well-known German teacher. He first used the concept of "didactics" in the course of his lectures. The origin of the word itself is associated with the Greek "didaktikos" and "didasko", which means "related to learning", as well as the art of teaching, proving, explaining.
Didactics as a science
Didactics is a scientific discipline, and it explores not only theory, but also the practice of teaching. Like any science, didactics also has its own subject and object. The subject is training, which acts as a means of upbringing and education of a person. An object is real learning processes with all their aspects: trends, characteristics, patterns. Acting as the main theoretical core for pedagogy, didactics help answer questions about what and how to teach? For a high-quality educational process and education, didactics is very necessary. Education is of primary interest to her. This is especially aggravated in the modern world, because the amount of information in any field of knowledge is rapidly increasing and updating.
General and private didactics. Her tasks
General didactics is a broader concept, because it is interested in what, for what purposes and how to educate students at absolutely all levels of education and in all subjects. On the other hand, subject methods (private didactics) develop the theoretical foundations of teaching specific disciplines. Both of these didactics are interconnected: the general acts as the basis for private ones and at the same time is based on their research results. The main tasks of didactics are the explanation and description of the learning process, the proposal of the conditions for its implementation, the creation of new systems and teaching technologies.
Didactic systems
Didactics is a system, and there are three types of such systems: traditional, pedocentric and modern. In the traditional system, the key role is given to the teacher and his activities. He should form in students not only theoretical knowledge and practical skills, but also value-moral ideas. It is widely used, systematized, but authoritarian. At the center of the pedocentric system is a child. The educational process depends on its abilities and interests, knowledge is acquired in the process of activity. But systematicity is lost, the material is selected randomly. The modern didactic system combined the best of the two previous ones.
Jan Amos Comenius
This is the author of The Great Didactics, where he first introduced it as a system of scientific knowledge. Of great importance are his didactic principles. The main ones include the principle of visualization, consistency, systematic and feasible teaching, conscious teaching, the development of cognitive abilities and the strength of assimilation. It was also Komensky who proposed a class-lesson training system, which is still used today.