The house should be convenient for the family, and when designing it, the desires of all its members should be taken into account. After drawing up the sketch, a detailed project is needed. It can be ordered from an architect or use a specialized program.
The foundation and load-bearing elements of the frame-panel house are made at the construction site, and its assembly is carried out, as in the children's designer, from the modules manufactured at the production site. Not to be confused with other rapidly erected buildings frame-panel house. Owner reviews show that the construction technology is completely different and requires high professionalism. Ready-made modules can be in the form of small panels or separate sections of the factory assembly. This makes it possible to erect frame-panel houses even faster and better. The photo below shows how the finished wall is installed.
What to look for when building a house
First of all, before building a house, you need to determine its purpose. Buildings for seasonal and permanent residence are significantly different. All characteristics are inherent in the design, and it will be difficult and costly to redo in the future.
Before you build a frame-panel house, you need to study its features. The main one is the assembly of the finished structure without any filers and adjustments.
Panels
Reviews of frame-panel houses with sandwich panels show the possibility of acquiring decent housing at a reasonable price. The material that is quite difficult to manufacture is at least a three-layer element with a rigid shell and internal thermal insulation made of polystyrene foam, fiberglass or mineral wool. The outer part is made of fiberboard, metal, polymer, and even drywall. Light products are used for roof installation, and walls and ceilings are built from heavier ones.
Depending on the design features, the sandwich panels are mounted in two different ways. In the first case, they are installed between the racks of the finished frame.
If the stand is included in the body of the panel, then it is mounted, sequentially attaching to the adjacent and the floor. On their sites outside the city, you can quickly assemble frame-panel houses (photo below).
Builders get a ready-made kit right away, from which the entire building is created, from wall shields to the roof. The package may include heating appliances, pipes, lighting and decoration materials.
Which is better to choose a frame-panel house? Owner reviews reflect all their advantages and disadvantages. For each building, the foundation always remains an important indicator.
Foundation selection
The construction of frame-panel houses is carried out in 1-2 floors. Often the upper floor is made in the attic type. For such a house does not require a powerful in-depth foundation. It may be needed if you plan to place a basement or an underground garage at the bottom. The most common are the following foundation options for light houses: tape shallow, columnar or assembled from concrete blocks. Reviews of frame-panel houses show the reliability of the pile-screw foundation. It can be mounted in a few hours with the help of technology and immediately begin construction.
In all cases, it is necessary to create a rigid frame as the base. To do this, the strip foundation is reinforced, a monolithic grillage is used in the column foundation, and the lower trim of the house is firmly attached to the blocks. By building standards, such a connection should be in all cases.
On screw piles immediately fix the lower harness of a wooden beam.
Frame device
A wood frame (as practical and affordable) is used most often.
The metal structure is lighter, but it is 35-45% more expensive. For the frame, the best material is oak. Other wood species are also suitable if the quality is good. The design will be reliable with a minimum number of metal fasteners. To do this, at the corners, a “half-tree” or “thorn-groove” joint is used and wooden pins. All connections are laid with jute so that there are no bridges of cold.
For spatial rigidity, at least three braces are installed in the house.
Construction technology: frame-panel house
The technology includes the preliminary construction of the foundation, which must be done according to all the rules, despite the small load.
Foundation construction
First of all, a flat platform is prepared and markings are made with pegs in dimensions and internal load-bearing walls. Then, wells are drilled below the level of soil freezing. A layer of sand is poured and rammed to the bottom, after which a bunch of reinforcing posts is made and installed in pits. Then the grillage formwork is mounted, and the reinforcing cage is laid in it. It must be connected with the rods located in the pits. Across the formwork, short pipes should be laid for products, and the studs should be installed vertically, so that after they are secured with the help of the strapping beam. Piling and grillage with concrete is best done at the same time, so that a monolithic connection is obtained. You should also prepare in advance the places for the supporting columns of the log and use the remaining concrete for their manufacture.
With a shallow foundation, communications will pass through the ground between piles. In this case, mortgages in the grillage are not needed. For water, pipes must pass below freezing. So that in winter they do not freeze when the level is higher, they should be insulated.
After concrete hardens, the grillage is leveled with a screed. On top, waterproofing is made with molten bitumen and two layers of roofing material.
The frame is made in the following sequence: lower harness, logs, vertical struts, upper harness, floor beams, rafter system.
Installation of the lower harness
On a flat foundation, covered with waterproofing from two layers of roofing material, a square beam (120 mm or 150 mm) is laid. Wood is coated with an antiseptic. In its absence, 10% copper or iron sulfate is suitable. Fastening the harness to the foundation is done after 2 m with threaded rods, pre-cast into concrete. It must support the weight of the whole house and can be more powerful in accordance with load calculations. At the corners, a half-tree connection or a thorn groove is used. The horizontalness of the harness is checked by level. In addition, the sizes of the diagonals are determined.
Lag laying
Logs are made of boards that are installed on the edge after 0.6 m. The columns can be filled in advance. If they are not there, then you need to drill holes to a depth of 1 m, into which short pipes with a diameter of more than 100 mm are inserted and poured with concrete, and then they are lifted, controlling the height along the stretched cord. The distance between adjacent supports is 1.2 m. Logs are laid on a strip foundation. Then the floor completely covers the entire lower frame. With a columnar foundation, lags have to be laid on the harness. It is also possible to connect them halfway to ensure a level position. The upper part of all lags should be located in one horizontal plane, which is controlled by the level. Wooden structures are made of the same material so that there is the same coefficient of expansion.
Installation of racks and upper trim
Racks are placed after 0.6 m, so that it is convenient to mount wall panels on them.
At the corners, the racks are made more powerful by installing a beam of 100x100 mm. To the harness it is fixed with brackets and nails of 120 mm. Placed in between the boards or bars. Window and door openings are formed in advance in sandwich panels.
Racks are connected on top of another strapping. Its material and method of attachment is the same as that of the bottom.
Floor beams
The length of the beams is limited to 6 m. A small span of 3-4 m is blocked by boards 50x150 mm. They are installed edge on the upper harness. With the expansion of the span, the thickness of the beams is increased to 100 mm. They often fasten the roof truss system.
Wall mounting
Walls are built depending on the selected panels that are inserted into the frame or assembled with it. The height of the rooms should be made at least 2400 mm so that there is no discomfort from low ceilings and there is more air. The width of the panels is about 1.2 m. They are installed manually on self-tapping screws and mounting foam. The verticality of each panel is checked by level. Be sure to control the dimensions of the building, for which they use a plumb line and tape measure. With this installation, errors should be minimal. After assembling the facade, partitions are installed. In the attic, the ceilings will be inclined. The layout of the house has already been laid at the factory and will be in accordance with the order. Therefore, in order to provide the necessary comfort for the whole family in the rooms, you need to choose the frame-panel house correctly. Owner reviews are contradictory, but you can imagine the general picture of the quality of a particular model.
Windows occupy up to 20% of the area of the wall in which they are located. In the openings that are previously made in the sandwich panels, boxes are placed, and frames with double-glazed windows are installed in them. A space is also provided under the door.
For summer living, any window is suitable. Frame-panel
house winter requires the installation of double-glazed windows in several layers. Windows can also be integrated into roof slopes.
Rafter system
Rafter beams are sawn down and installed on the ends of the ceiling, which are carried out outside the walls. First, they are assembled and mounted at the ends of the house. After the cords are pulled and the inner rafter pairs are installed on them after 0.6 m. For structures made of timber or double planks, the installation step is increased to 1 m. Strengthening the load-bearing capacity of the structure is achieved by using runs, struts and racks. Perpendicular to the rafters, a lath is nailed, which is best done from a trim board.
Roof
The roof is selected in advance, depending on the climate, the design of the house, the taste and capabilities of the owner. Materials for the manufacture of the rafter system, roof and drain can be supplied. Ready-made frame-panel houses coming from factories already contain everything you need.
The continuous crate can be made in the form of panel panels, which speeds up the installation.
Under the facing material, waterproofing is laid. Conditions must be created for the ventilation of the roofing cake.
Cladding
Facing the house is done when the construction is already completed. The facade must be ventilated. For a frame-panel house, there can be no other options. Inside, it is finished using conventional technologies: painting, plastering, wallpapering, paneling, and tile.
Conclusion
To build a house quickly and at an affordable price allow modern technology and materials. For any domestic region, a frame-panel house is suitable. Owner reviews about the quality of this new product speak for themselves. The building is assembled in a short time and after moving it immediately becomes warm and cozy.
These houses are almost completely created in factories, and the owner's task is to ensure that the selected option meets all its requirements. In addition, it is important to find experienced assembly specialists.