As you know, plaster is one of the important elements in the repair. It serves to create a perfectly smooth surface. Apply it before the finish. But recently, more and more traditional plaster is replaced by decorative. Next, we will understand what this coating is. Also in the article will be given the main types of decorative plaster.
General information
In addition to its external attractiveness, all types of decorative plaster have many advantages. This is what distinguishes the material among others. All types of textured and decorative plaster include a liquid base (plain water acts as it), a filler (lime, granite or marble chips, sand, etc.), as well as a polymer binder. Materials can be used for finishing a wide variety of surfaces. As usual, types of decorative plaster have the ability to mask the defects of walls and ceilings. Brick, concrete, wood, plasterboard and other surfaces can be finished with materials. At the same time, curved shapes can also be processed with decorative plaster. One of the undoubted advantages of the material is its ductility. Due to this surface quality, different shapes can be given. Some types of decorative plaster (photos of works can be seen below) can be used to "sculpt" all kinds of patterns and figures directly on the wall. Depending on what the result is supposed to be, various materials (shells, pebbles, mica and others) can be added to the composition of the mixture to form “voluminous” surfaces. It should be noted that it was precisely such "versatility" that made decorative plaster one of the most popular coatings. The material can be used both for internal and external work. So, there are special types of facade decorative plaster.
Classification
The types of decorative plaster differ in various parameters. In particular, the material is classified by type of filler, binder, formation method. These are far from all the parameters that distinguish types of decorative plasters. Methods for applying the material are also different for each type. One of the main criteria by which classification is carried out is the type of filler. Next, we consider the types of decorative plaster for the walls separately.
Popular stuff
Today, as practice shows, textured plaster is most widely used. One of the advantages of this coating is its relatively low cost. Small stones, mica, mineral chips, wood fibers are used as fillers in the compositions. Thanks to these components, the surface is voluminous, a 3D effect is created. Undoubtedly, such a coating looks much better than just a wallpaper wall or painted ceiling. To enhance the effect, textured rollers and special dies are often used.
Uniform coating
Such a surface can be created using structural types of decorative plaster. "Bark beetle" is another name for this material. It is due to the fact that the filler particles (fine-grained additives) give the surface the appearance of an old tree. Structural types of decorative plaster for walls allow you to create not only a uniform coating, but also a mosaic effect. The fraction of fillers is significantly larger than that of a standard material.
Spectacular coating
Venetian decorative stucco is today considered one of the richest types. In the manufacture of the material used marble chips. As a rule, such a coating can be found in the decoration of interiors in antique and classic styles. Due to the homogeneity of the composition, the material is an excellent basis for creating magnificent masterpieces. But it should be noted that for the application of such a coating requires special skill and knowledge.
Material for exterior decoration
The market today presents a variety of types of decorative plaster facades. The material in its composition can have a variety of fillers. The main differences that these types of decorative plaster possess (photos of some coatings can be seen in the article) are high performance properties, resistance to temperature changes, water and soundproofness. Due to its excellent heat-insulating properties, external attractiveness, as well as the ability to protect and strengthen the facade, such plaster is rightfully winning the recognition of professionals in the field of construction and decoration.
Eco friendly coating
This category includes gypsum plaster. Usually concrete and brick surfaces are finished with this material. The composition of the mixture includes a gypsum base and some polymer additives. Among the main advantages that this coating has, it should be mentioned high strength, ductility, environmental friendliness. In addition, the material allows you to create the most even surfaces.
Types of decorative plaster: advantages of coatings
The material allows you to recreate various surfaces. So, for example, this or that type of decorative plaster is used to decorate antique walls, imitate onyx, marble, granite, wood, fabric, natural limestone, animal skin. Using the material, you can create original art bas-reliefs. The undoubted advantage of the coating is a huge selection of different shades, the ability to pick up almost any pattern. All types of plasters for decorative finishes are highly resistant to mechanical stress. The treated surface subsequently does not require special care, does not fade, is easy to clean, resistant to fire. Before applying plaster, the base does not require special preparation. Small cracks and irregularities can not be repaired, since the material is able to hide them. As practice shows, the decorative coating does not absorb odors. Some formulations also have protective properties, preventing the formation of condensation, corrosion and mold.
Decorative plaster: types of textures, photo
Today materials with a certain size (fraction) of the filler grain are produced. The texture of the plaster is an exclusively aesthetic parameter that does not affect the durability, strength and other performance characteristics. Two main categories can be distinguished:
- Traditional (old generation). The depth of their texture is up to 5 mm. Coating can be performed using both traditional and modern mixtures.
- New ones. In this case, modern decorative plaster is used.
The types of invoices that can be performed with new materials are as follows:
- "Mosaic".
- "Pebble".
- Bark beetle.
Consider each type separately.
Most common option
The most popular today is the bark beetle plaster. Coating can be performed in various ways. Types of applying decorative plaster:
- Cross.
- Circular.
- Horizontal.
- Vertical.
You can also fantasize and treat the surface as you wish. Facade stucco of a modern type for painting can be emphasized by the addition of several colors, glaze and other techniques. This will significantly improve the appearance of the coating. Giving the bark beetle texture is done by grouting with a plastic grater of a layer the thickness of the filler grain. Depending on the direction of movement of the tool, the pebbles present in the mixture begin to scratch the coating. As a result, an invoice is formed.
"Pebble" coating
This plaster is considered universal. With its help, a variety of patterns, carved multi-color sgraffito drawings, and bas-reliefs of shallow depth are performed. The material is used to create traditional textures "fur coat", "peas" and others. The "pebble" coating itself is a surface covered densely with crumbs, the size of which is 1-3 mm. Application can be carried out using a trowel and putty knife, textured rollers, brushes and other tools that can be smeared, scratched, and create intricate prints.
Mosaic coating
This texture is fundamentally different from others. It is performed in one way, in which a transparent and even surface is created. The coating contains granules of stone (natural) crumbs of different (or one) rocks of high strength minerals. According to many experts and buyers, such plaster is considered the most beautiful. The coating is applied in a single layer and is rubbed with a special tool. The astringent component is completely transparent. Stone crumbled from all sides. Such a coating is not varnished, not painted. Next, we consider the main types of decorative plaster application.
Spray method
This is the easiest way to create a surface relief. After the first layer has dried, the second is applied. In order to obtain a relief surface, you can use a variety of devices, for example, a broom. It must be taken in one hand, in the other - a stick. The broom is dipped into the solution. Then they knock on the stick so that the spray falls on the wall. Flakes will form on the surface, the size of which will depend on the density of the mixture and the broom itself. The surface can be pre-painted. For example, it may be green, and spray - white. Around the same "Italian" finish. But here, after the coating layer is applied, without waiting for it to dry, a second one is applied immediately. If the previous one was, for example, blue, then the next one may be white. The second layer should cover most of the first. Until the coating has hardened, it is smoothed.
Creating a relief with a trowel
To form the original surface, you can use not only familiar tools. After applying the topcoat on the trowel, put a little mortar. Then, with light movements, the plaster is applied to the base. In this case, a peculiar pattern is formed.
Multilayer coating
The textured method of applying plaster allows you to create a coating in the antique style. In this case, the material is laid in several layers. After leveling and drying, the coating is painted.
Hatching
This method is used to create a relief surface on fresh plaster. The coating in this case is treated with a metal brush. Then the surface must be dried within 24 hours. After that, using rags, a spatula or a sponge, remove plaster elements that do not hold well on the base.
Roller stamping
This is another fairly popular way of applying decorative plaster. Using a special roller with a pattern, relief images on the surface are obtained. If there is no such tool, you can use the usual one. A drawing is cut out on a simple roller or simply wrapped with a rope. In the latter case, after such stamping, a surface with a pattern resembling grass stems will be obtained.
"Sgraffito"
This coating technique is more complex than those described above. However, it can also be done independently. To create a decorative coating, layers of plaster of different colors are applied. Gamma is chosen according to your own preferences. It should be remembered that the surface should be in harmony with the surrounding interior. To create a picture, certain sections are cut out in the upper layer on a stencil. With the help of incisors or scrapers, pieces of plaster are removed. If you remove a lot of material from the top layer, then the remaining coating on the background of the underlying one looks like an application. If you remove a small amount, the picture will be tinted. You can apply such a coating on the entire wall. Also, using this technique, you can create original panels.
Finally
There are a lot of types of decorative plaster, as well as methods for applying it. The material describes the most popular of them. In general, the work on decorating the premises both outside and inside can be carried out independently. However, some materials require certain knowledge and special devices. Mixtures containing large granules are recommended for use on exterior surfaces. Fine-grained plasters are used when working with walls indoors. In the latter case, the surfaces are not so rough.