The organization of educational activity requires the teacher to be aware of certain didactic techniques. Let us dwell on this issue in more detail, given its relevance.
Theoretical aspects
The principle of minimax in pedagogy is that the educational organization offers each child the content of education at the optimal (creative level). The school provides its full assimilation, in particular, at least the standards of the Federal State Educational Standard.
The minimum level is established by the framework of the state educational standard. It reflects a level safe for society, which every graduate of public education is required to master.
The maximum level correlates with the opportunities that the educational program used by the teacher has.
The minimax principle corresponds to a personality-oriented approach, is a self-regulatory system. Each child has real opportunities for self-development, taking into account his capabilities and abilities. Note that even when choosing the minimum level, mandatory reporting for each student is assumed.
Psychological comfort
What is the didactic principle of minimax? Let's start with how important it is to remove all stress-generating factors in the educational process, to create a comfortable and friendly environment based on the pedagogy of cooperation.
The teacher in the cool team entrusted to him forms a benevolent, calm aura, which positively reflects on the ability of each participant to show his intellectual and creative abilities to others.
The minimax principle eliminates the fear of poor grades. At the lessons of assimilation of new knowledge, as part of independent work, tasks of the creative plan, the teacher assesses success, identifies and corrects errors. As part of the reflection, independent control is used, and marks are put in the journal at the request of the child. Assessment of tests is supposed to be based on two levels of difficulty so that each student has the opportunity to get a high mark for his work.
Parents should inspire their baby, instill confidence in him in victory, encourage even his smallest creative desire, support emotionally in case of negative experience.
Action approach
The principle of minimax corresponds to the technology of project training. The bottom line is to offer the student not a finished educational product, but a certain idea, working on which he will independently receive certain skills. As part of the modernization of domestic education, this approach is becoming more and more popular; it fully complies with the requirements of the second generation GEF.
The minimax principle involves a relationship between different levels of learning (developmental continuity). As part of school activities, the child receives a generalized, formed, holistic picture of the relationship between society and nature. Activities to the maximum extent focused on creativity. This gives students the opportunity to gain their own experience, self-fulfill, self-develop in the course of educational and extracurricular activities.
The uniqueness of the technique
The minimax principle contributes to the formation in children and adolescents of the skill of systematic enumeration of various options for solving a specific problem. It allows children to quickly find the only correct answer.
Despite the fact that the minimax principle did not appear in the pedagogical field, it is currently in demand in Russian educational institutions.
Historical reference
This concept was introduced in 1928 by John von Neumann, the developer of the basic concepts of game theory. If the interests of opposing parties conflict, the decision maker must evaluate all potential behavioral strategies, calculate the guaranteed outcome for each situation, and then make a choice in favor of the answer at which costs are minimal.
The didactic principle of minimax is similar to the Neumann idea, it connects two sides of the educational process: students and teachers.
Differences in Pedagogy
In any educational process, theoretical knowledge and practical skills should be kept to the maximum extent, mastering which the child will be able to overcome at least some minimum. That is why the authors try to include two levels of difficulty in various teaching aids and educational literature: compulsory (FSES), additional (optimal).
Minimax is fundamentally different from classical education in its informational content, a departure from the averaging of schoolchildren.
The child has the right to choose: stop at the minimum amount of ZUN or go further with the teacher.
The minimax principle has been tested in Russian preschool institutions. He showed his high efficiency. Parents of babies, in the work with which teachers used a new technique, noted an increase in their children 's interest in independent activities. Only a small number of preschoolers stayed at the minimum level achieved. Most of them continued to develop intellectually and creatively with interest, setting themselves more and more ambitious design and research goals and objectives.
To summarize
Children differ from each other in the speed of awareness and assimilation of certain theoretical and practical information. Education in the classical school has always been focused on the "middle" child, so weak and gifted children experienced difficulties. In order to take into account the individual intellectual and creative abilities and capabilities of each baby, you can arm yourself with the minimax principle. This system is self-regulatory, it is suitable for any classroom team, kindergarten group.
A weak child will stop at a minimum level of ZUN, but it will always be comfortable to feel in a group (class). The strong one will get the opportunity for maximum development, especially if the parents create a situation of success for him, demonstrating a genuine interest in the achievements of their child.
Psychologists are convinced that there will be no benefit from academic success if the basis is fear of adults, parents suppressing the personal "I" of their baby.
Psychological comfort should be present not only in kindergarten, school, but also within the family. Relatives should become allies for their babies, help in overcoming stressful situations in order to avoid tension and neurosis that negatively affect physical health.