Novice gardeners are often interested in how trees are pruned and why this is done. This is necessary for their normal development and growth. With proper care, garden crops develop well, bear more fruit, thereby bringing joy to the owner.
Young trees are subjected to this procedure in order to form a crown. If you let things go by themselves, then many seedlings can have problems - there will be ankle, significant weakening, and possibly the death of the central conductor, extra height and - as a result - tree instability, sagging branches.
Trimming Types
Depending on the goal, there are several types of trimming. The very first one is the after-landing, necessary in order to restore the balance between the root system damaged during the transplant and the healthy above-ground part. This helps the tree to take root in a new place more easily.
Sanitary pruning of trees (fruit) involves the removal of damaged and diseased branches. In this case, a little wood is usually removed, so that the disease does not go further. It must be remembered that all trimmed branches must be burned.
Shortened pruning is necessary to prevent overgrowth of branches. Thanks to her, the tree becomes more bushy. Usually young plants undergo this procedure. During maintenance pruning, branches that grow down, to the sides, or that become too long, are removed. As a result, the crown becomes more ventilated, and the tree breathes better.
Do I need to delete branches
Properly performed pruning of garden trees accelerates the appearance of fruits. However, excessive enthusiasm for this event can delay fruiting for a long time. How to prune trees correctly? Let's try to figure this out. After all, it is very important to competently approach the matter, to study all the subtleties of this procedure, so that inept actions do not harm your garden.
How to prune trees
Sometimes in the summer cottage you can see quite neglected walnut, maple, birch or mulberry. But care for them is quite simple - you need only once a year to cut dry and interfering shoots. Weeping willows require a special approach - after flowering they are cut horizontally. Coniferous crops tolerate such an “operation” very hard, so this kind of intervention must be minimized. Annual growths are best removed annually. This makes it easier to grow a strong, well-formed crown. Shoots should be shortened sparingly.
Typically, young trees do not require strong pruning. It is recommended to resort to such events only in case of emergency. For example, when you want to loosen some branches that stand out against others by their strength. You should not shorten the intermediate processes, the length of which is less than 25 cm (if they are not competitors to the skeletal branches). Quite often, gardeners manage to correct the incorrect structure of the crown by tying up grown branches. After that they take the right position. But pruning in this case can significantly delay fruiting.
Winter tree care
There are situations when it is urgent to remove broken branches. Sanitary pruning of trees in winter is most often caused by the sticking of wet snow and ice. Unable to bear much weight, the branches break off, sometimes not completely, forming crevices and tears on the bark and in the wood. How to help the plant?
First, carefully free the branches from adhering snow. After that, you can cut out the damaged areas, and then be sure to treat the cut points with garden var. When removing a damaged branch, leave a protective link 20-30 cm long. This measure will protect the wood and bark from frost.
Summer tree processing
In summer, they resort to the procedure we consider much less often. This is easily explained. In the warm season, leaves accumulate glucose and other beneficial substances. Pruning trees in summer deprives them of the necessary vitamins. However, in rare cases, this event is possible. For example, when the branches grow inside the tree, as well as if they are located outside the tier, i.e. not in their place.
Summer pruning is a very serious procedure. It should be produced by a person who is well versed in all the processes that occur in the plant. Otherwise, you can remove healthy branches and thereby cause irreparable harm to the tree.
Spring Garden Care
It is impossible to give an exact start date. It is advisable to catch time before the sap flow begins, but you should not hurry too much either. Engage in the garden when frost is certainly not expected. First of all, it is necessary to remove damaged shoots and branches, then those that began to grow inside the crown. They obscure it, contribute to the development of diseases and insufficient ripening of fruits. Do not leave stumps.
Autumn work in the garden
During this period, pruning is necessary to prepare the tree for winter. However, for novice gardeners it is important to know that fruit trees have their own characteristics. What is useful to one can harm another. Therefore, we will give you some tips on different cultures.
Pruning fruit trees: apple tree
This event solves two main tasks that gardeners always face. Firstly, the crown is formed, which greatly facilitates the harvest. And secondly, it is thinned out, thereby increasing the flow of air to all young branches. There is a special technology by which tree pruning is carried out. The apple tree is cut from large branches. This allows you to immediately assess the illumination of the crown. This method will save you from unnecessary deletions. By the way, any fruit tree can easily tolerate one or two large wounds than 7-10 small ones.
Then you can begin to thin out the thickened area. It is necessary to make sure that there are no stumps left. This will keep the garden in perfect condition.
An apple tree can be cut at any time of the year, but at certain times. In winter - from late November to early March, at a temperature of about -5 degrees. At this time, it is better to process winter-resistant varieties. Autumn pruning of the apple tree should be carried out annually after the leaves have completely fallen. In spring, they do this before the foliage.
Process the cherry
This garden culture is very common in the areas of our compatriots. Cherries are tasty and healthy. In order for it to bear fruit well, proper processing of the tree is necessary. Cherries need this care. Thanks to pruning, it forms correctly, the berries acquire a rich color, become larger and tastier. The tree rejuvenates after each procedure and does not age for a long time, it always looks healthy and well-groomed.
Please note: do not cut off the ends of the branches of cherries. Unlike other fruit varieties, her kidneys are located there. Slices are not processed in any way - this will only harm the plant, and it will hurt longer. The procedure can be carried out after the end of severe winter frosts.
Most often this is done in early spring, before the active circulation of juices in the trunk begins. As a rule, this is the end of April for central Russia.
In summer, only a well-developed tree can be rejuvenated. Such a procedure is not only not useful for young seedlings, but also harmful. In the fall, old, dry, diseased branches are removed. Thus, you can help the tree get rid of excess cargo and prepare it for winter.
Tree pruning: pear
Many people plant this tree on their plot. Sweet, juicy and aromatic fruits are loved by adults and children. True, novice gardeners often forget that it also needs regular formative pruning. This procedure stimulates the active growth of shoots. This work should be done in early spring, about fifteen days before the start of the growing season. Do not take risks, do not cut branches in other periods. Young annual trees are shortened by one fifth of the length of the branches. Stronger pruning will damage the young pear and can significantly reduce its yield.
Mature trees (over five years old) need thinning because they begin to branch too actively. Often, some processes occupy the wrong position (grow inside the crown). In addition, it is necessary to get rid of dry and diseased branches. Do not forget to treat the places of cuts with garden var.
Shrub care
Pruning a raspberry tree (as gardeners sometimes call a shrub) is usually done twice a year - in spring and autumn. Stronger young shoots, coming from the roots, the next year give a plentiful harvest.
In the second year, the ovary appears on the branches growing from below. The apex is usually barren. In the spring, these branches are cut. In the first year, the four strongest are selected from the shoots, and the rest are removed, cutting off at the very base. It makes no sense to leave a lot of shoots: there may be more berries, but they will be small and not so tasty. In addition, a large number of processes can lead to the multiplication of pests.
In summer, raspberries are also trimmed, removing young growth at the base. Only six main stems are left for next year.
Lunar Crop
For a long time, people have known that the Moon is one of the most important factors that actively influence the life and development of plants. The best time to trim plants is a few days before the new moon. The waning moon is favorable . It is strictly forbidden to cut trees in the full moon.
Money Tree
Despite the fact that today we are talking mainly about fruit crops, in conclusion, I would like to talk about how to process a money tree. Pruning he is interested in many gardeners. This is a very popular houseplant, completely unpretentious. It easily takes root, quickly shoots. Even a novice can take care of him.
Despite the fact that this plant is not capricious, it still needs some care. He needs pruning and pinching - primarily in order to give a beautiful rounded shape. Thanks to this, the growth of new shoots is activated.
The young tree is not pruned - it is pinched. This slows the growth of branches in height. If the plant has several strong lateral processes, and you want to create a rounded crown, then they will also need to be attached.
An adult tree requires full pruning. It is better to carry it out with a secateurs or a sharp knife. Take a good look at your plant and imagine what it should look like, determine which branches are completely redundant. Start to crop from the top, gradually moving to the side. This way you can give the plant a ball shape. Cut the branch two centimeters above the dormant kidney.
Pruning fruit trees is one of the most important procedures that guarantee the gardener good yields. The extent to which it will be produced, how the crown will be formed, determines how much the plant will receive sunlight, which is necessary for all living things.
Today we talked about how trees are cut. We hope that you have learned something new and useful for yourself.