The foundation is the foundation of any building being built. Therefore, the better it is calculated and executed, the more stable and durable it is. The materials from which the foundation is poured significantly affect its quality. Therefore, it becomes necessary to talk about concrete, determine the class of concrete and its brand.
The foundation is concrete. This is an ancient representative of building materials. Concrete is a kind of mixture of the following components: a binder - cement (Portland cement and slag Portland cement), water, fine (sand) and coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel).
The main and main indicators of quality are considered the class of concrete and concrete grade. The brand characterizes the amount of cement that is included in the concrete mix.
Concrete class is of the following types: B10, B15, B20, B25, B30, B40, B80, B12.5, B7.5, B22.5, B35 ... The following types of B7.5 - B40 are distinguished on the site.
There is a classifier for compressive strength, which depends on the density of concrete :
- M400 - M1000 - especially heavy;
- M100 - M600 - heavy;
- M50 - M400 - normal;
- M25 - M200 - light;
- M4 - M100 - ultralight.
The brands indicated here are very often used. The number after the letter M is the compressive strength of the cube, which it reaches after 28 days of maturation. There are also such equally important
qualities of concrete as: frost resistance, resistance to aggressive conditions.
The quality and brand of concrete for the foundation completely depends on the purpose, types and further operation. Local weather conditions have a significant impact on the use of various types of mixtures.
When setting up the bases, attention must be paid to the following parameters:
- The transverse, longitudinal load, as well as the load from the dead weight of the structure.
- Conduct a comprehensive study of soil and groundwater.
- The layout of the premises, which are located below the floor level of the 1st floor, type of foundation and view of the basement.
All these factors significantly affect the class of concrete, as well as its physical and mechanical properties. During the construction of a warehouse, industrial or residential building, it is necessary to calculate the values of all loads.
In order for the foundation on which the house will be built to remain solid, the right choice of concrete grade for the foundation and aggregate is necessary. The brand depends on the building built, the greater the value of the load, the greater the brand we accept.
From the foregoing, it is clear that the durability of any building depends on the foundation laid under it, and its quality depends on the proportions of the concrete components.
Self-preparation of high-quality concrete mix is very expensive: due to the difficulty of obtaining concrete of the desired quality and volume of pouring into the formwork, which must be completed in one day.
Errors in the preparation of a concrete mixture suitable for the foundation can significantly reduce its quality, which in the future can cause a number of adverse events. Even for a private house, the implementation of work on the foundation requires careful observance of the standards adopted in civil engineering.
It is important to remember that you need to choose the right brand of concrete, some of them are suitable for the construction of large buildings, while others can withstand the load of only small objects.