The operation of engineering structures and structures determines the characteristics of bearing and strength abilities. The durability of the facility depends on how correctly the engineers calculated the loads. In this case, it is not always possible to implement the bookmark bearing capacity directly into the target structure. In such cases, the use of assistive devices is inevitable. These include concrete support, which has an extensive range of uses. This is a simple structure in the device, which does not require special expenses, but at the same time effectively copes with its tasks.
Purpose of emphasis
The main function of the stops is to insure the structure or (which happens more often) its separate section from damage during operation. Moreover, the destruction is not supposed to be external in nature, but from internal pressure. A classic example is a water pipe, which is laid not on the earthen contour, but outside - on weight. Accordingly, between the fixation sites there is a risk of obtaining elementary deformations that can occur under the action of its own mass. The holding unit, in turn, assumes the load and prevents unpleasant processes. Concrete stops in wells work on the same principle, but other functional tasks are added to them. The fact is that well rings with excessive water pressure wear out, losing their density. Special blocks of emphasis can compensate for loads, prolonging the operational life of the facility. With regard to the functional aspect, in some structures the emphasis appears as a kind of object in the logistics service of a particular design, although most often their use in this regard is insignificant.
Device and construction
When considering the arrangement of blocks, it is important to consider two aspects: the form factor of the object and the compositional features for the formation of the solution. In shape, the emphasis may have various designs. Traditional elements are made in the form of rectangles, squares, etc. But regular forms are rare. Most often, models are implemented with certain recesses, so that during installation the optimal entry of the element into the composition of the structure is ensured. Also, the device of concrete stops may include the inclusion of metal hooks, reinforcing bars and other auxiliary accessories. Their presence can be associated with the provision of technological tasks during operation, and with the elementary strengthening of the structural basis. The composition may have different components, but most often their set is represented by traditional inclusions - from cement with sand to possible fillers in the form of stone chips.
Specifications
Technical parameters vary depending on the specific site of operation. For example, high-strength reinforced concrete blocks of standard rectangular shape can have the following indicators: 50 cm in height, 40 cm in width and 150 cm in length. Conversely, the emphasis in terms of increasing the size can be done in height or width - again, it all depends on the installation conditions and design requirements. In addition to the technical characteristics, it is important to note the operational qualities that the concrete stop block should have at the place of use. First of all, it is wear resistance and strength. The material of the block should not collapse, wear and crumble. Resistance of concrete to external influences is also important. Technologists strive to give the compositions frost and moisture resistance. Such qualities allow the use of stops in different conditions on the street with virtually no restrictions. Additional properties are achieved due to the inclusion of special plasticizers in the composition of concrete.
Types of stops
The classification of blocks is based on the separation of structural features. For example, elements of the UG brand have a device designed to support horizontal turns that are at an angle of 10 to 90 degrees. CN models are also widespread, the features of which include the presence of convexity in the lower side. Such products focus on supporting vertical sewer turns. Similar concrete stops on the water supply are also used, located at angles in the range from 35 to 90 degrees. The use of so-called anchor blocks is also practical. These are stops in which anchor elements are provided. In this case, the convexity of the structure is directed upward. Such models are more often used on pipelines - for example, at branch points, on bends with sleeve or socket joints.
How to build a concrete emphasis?
The direct manufacture of the base is carried out in the factory using special molds and dies. A separate question is how the installation is carried out already at the place of operation. Installation technologies depend on the conditions of use and the method of structural adjustment of the element to the serviced structure. For example, the support of the pipe section does not need additional clamps at all, since it is quite reliable to strengthen the element at the base. If you need to build a concrete emphasis in the ditch so that it does not move during operation, then you can not do without additional support. It is advisable to use tamping mixtures of soil, sand filler and small gravel. In extreme cases, to strengthen it is necessary to prepare the foundation base.
How to choose an emphasis from concrete?
The choice should be based on the main technical and structural characteristics of the element. They must meet the requirements for supporting the target in terms of operational reliability. But this is only part of the story. It is very important to consider the quality of a particular block. A properly made material does not have cracks, deep depressions or chips. In addition, you should not purchase a concrete emphasis with exposed bare reinforcement. Metal that extends to the surface and does not have insulation will be susceptible to corrosion. Particular attention is paid to the area that will be in contact with the pipe or other part of the target structure.
Conclusion
Even the installation of a quality block that is suitable for its characteristics does not guarantee the correct implementation of the supporting function. Moreover, with an incorrectly calculated load-bearing support scheme, the presence of such a device can even be harmful. This happens if the concrete stop is installed on one side of the pipeline and exerts back pressure on the other part of the line, where there is no similar support. In other words, the designer should consider not only the strengthening of the circuit at a particular site, but also take care of the total support of the pipeline. We should not forget about the possibility of dismantling the stops in the future, if, for example, a general modernization of the facility is required.