On April 4, 2016, Government Decision No. 269 was issued, which approved the procedure for determining the standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste. The regulatory act was updated as amended on September 15, 2018. The appearance of the order is associated with the problem of the occurrence of a huge mass of garbage at illegal landfills. Consumer and production scales increased with the growth and development of technological processes. Created organizations, the specifics of which are aimed at the processing and disposal of industrial residues, must solve the problem of household waste. Volumes are growing, enterprises do not always cope with the cleaning of contaminated territories in accordance with the norm for the accumulation of municipal solid waste.
Overview of Key Concepts
Federal Law No. 89 indicates that it relates to municipal solid waste:
- materials used in residential areas that are unnecessary for people;
- goods that have lost their properties due to their use in everyday life;
- production residues unsuitable for further consumption.
The standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste is the average amount of garbage generated over time. The following duties are charged to individual entrepreneurs working in this field:
- collect rags;
- transport garbage to designated areas;
- to process;
- dispose of;
- neutralize;
- bury.
Regional operators conclude agreements with waste owners located in the area of its activity. A balance is required for all indicators of this production in order to preserve the environment in each individual subject. These characteristics are regulated by the standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste.
Sources of waste storage
The existence of a person in everyday life, his production activities cannot take place without products that have become unnecessary and unsuitable for further consumption. Everyone, whether an individual or a legal entity, faced with the accumulation of garbage:
- in residential buildings and structures;
- on trading floors and in public catering establishments;
- in collective premises;
- after recreational activities in parks, concert halls, sports complexes.
The environmental problem in settlements due to contaminated areas, including natural sites, has allowed the government to sharply raise the issue of approving standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste. The cause of contamination is improper storage of garbage in landfills or landfills. Often, unauthorized entities have no legal basis.
Consequences from illegal groups
Due to the illiterate organization of disposal in waste disposal areas, garbage spreads infections with insects and provokes clogging of the sewage filtrate with water sources near settlements. The norm for the accumulation of municipal solid waste in the Moscow Region prevents such violations. For control, a common system is created - SUTBO. The responsibilities of the department include:
- regulate and organize garbage collection;
- transport waste;
- dispose of;
- recycle.
The operator company is obliged to carry out the cleaning of the stored waste without residues scattered around. Export is carried out every day. Residents have the right to file complaints about poor performance by the operator.
Classification options
In order to subject garbage to efficient recycling, it must be distributed according to the volume and size in accordance with the norms for accumulating solid municipal waste in the region. For unsuitable materials, a classification has been created. The solid category included ordinary household waste that residents throw away every day. Oversized items are considered to be broken or out of fashion furniture, devices and equipment that cannot fit into containers. Special places are allocated for them and taken out separately.
All waste is assigned a certain hazard level. To work with class 4 materials, you need a license.
Restrictions on the operation of garbage cans
Federal Law No. 458 clearly states the establishment of standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste and the procedure for handling substances unsuitable for humans or enterprises.
You can throw in the trash can:
- residues from wood and plants;
- foliage collected by the janitor; cigarette butts thrown past urns;
- spoiled food and food residues;
- textile supplies;
- used packaging, paper literature, brochures, newspapers.
It is forbidden to place in a container:
- structures after repairs;
- oil substances;
- medications;
- toxic agents.
After the concept of solid municipal waste was introduced, they ceased to divide garbage into household and industrial waste. These two types have become a single system for the movement, control of disposal and temporary norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste.
What are temporary standards?
When new industries begin to work, it is not yet clear how they will pollute the environment. Introduce a temporary standard until the operator conducts research and develops an individual scheme for the company. The parameters depend on the nature and direction of activity. The calculation is based on the average values of the accumulation of garbage and density. This value is not constant, experts must conduct measurements every year and, based on updated data, adjust indicators. The actions of the averaged time standards are extended to the following objects:
- grocery stores;
- points of trade in industrial and household goods;
- markets, warehouses, bases;
- places with fairs;
- pharmacies, clinics;
- educational institutions;
- transport enterprises;
- service organizations.
When determining the standard, the institution is required to weigh the waste. This is done by employees who record the weight in the statements. The indicators for the norms are calculated at the rate of 1 unit:
- in catering, the output of cleanings for 1 dish;
- in educational institutions - per 1 student;
- the medical facility keeps track of visits;
- in dormitories provide for livability and settlement.
When determining the time standards do not consider bulky waste.
Division into species
Quantitative indicators expressed in volume, mass and unit of account - this is the norm. With units of measure, city and village administrations are determined depending on the size of the object.
The determination of standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste can be judged by the signs:
- territoriality;
- customer group;
- location and class of the property.
Regional experts examine the subject, conduct analyzes and tests to determine a specific standard. The size of payment for services in payment orders and disposal methods depend on this.
What rules determine
In Moscow, the standards for the accumulation of municipal solid waste are determined, taking into account the category of the facility to which it belongs:
- owner of an apartment or house;
- territory near a residential building;
- owner of production and buildings, IP.
Each group has a separate standard. The operator measures the scrap output at each point. The determination takes place depending on the number of residents in the area. In the regions, quarters with a population of:
- medium and small settlements - 2%;
- large cities - 1%;
- megacities - 0.5% of the total number of all residents.
Measurements are carried out by taking garbage from specially installed containers for 7 days in different seasons. The amount for each day of the week is determined by weight and volume.
What indicators are necessary for analytical data
To determine the standard for a specific district, city or rural settlement, it is necessary to calculate the average value for waste accumulation:
- every day in a certain season - express the standard by the ratio of mass with the unit of account;
- per month;
- by seasons;
- in a year.
In garbage bins near residential buildings, measurements are carried out in order:
- level waste;
- immersing a measuring ruler to determine the volume of the divisions applied to the rail;
- for mass use a dynamometer minus the weight of the container itself.
Every day, experts fill out the table, breaking down the values into groups, then conduct an analysis - weekly, monthly and seasonal.
Based on analytical data, the need has arisen for revising the previous standards. On the new waste accounting:
- it becomes clear the need for the construction of processing and recycling industries;
- measures are being developed for the disposal and disposal of spent materials;
- construction of enterprises for the processing of used products is ongoing;
- illegal dumps are identified and destroyed, those responsible are brought to administrative responsibility.
Regional operators organize recycling activities, after prior coordination with Rospotrebnadzor, local administration and environmentalists. With the help of common standards, an effective solution to the problems of the destruction of specific substances has become available.