Engineering communications are various systems that improve the quality of living in country houses and apartments. This type of equipment is also installed in shops, offices, industrial premises, etc. The assembly of all types of engineering communications requires thoughtful design and compliance with certain technologies during installation.
Types of engineering communications
There are many types of equipment of this type. Engineering communications are, first of all:
- heating system;
- sewage system;
- ventilation system;
- circuit;
- gas supply;
- cold and hot water supply system.
Design
The construction of engineering communications begins with the development of detailed schemes for connecting their main elements and the selection of equipment that has the necessary operational characteristics. A network construction project is being prepared taking into account the layout and architecture of the building. Owners of large houses usually entrust the work of developing schemes to specialists. For a small residential building, for example cottages, the project can be made independently. However, when developing it, it is necessary to take into account the standards provided for by SNiP and adhere to fire safety rules.
Mains connection
Such engineering communications - this is what is connected in the country house or any other building in the first place. In small buildings, a single-phase mains is usually used. Three-phase are connected in cottages. Wires extend from the nearest power transmission pole at a height of not less than 2.75 m from the ground (3.5 m above pedestrian paths). They are brought into the building itself in a pipe rack through a roof with grounding. Sometimes an additional pillar is used. The wires are pulled through the rooms of the house in special fire-resistant cable channels.
Heating system and plumbing
The building is provided with drinking water, as a rule, by drilling a well, installing a submersible pump and laying highways. The heating system scheme includes a boiler, which can be gas, solid fuel, diesel or electric, radiators, pipes. Also, in the assembly of utilities of this variety, an expansion tank, a safety group, a circulation pump and various kinds of shutoff valves are used.
DHW in a private house can be organized simultaneously with the heating system. In this case, a double-circuit boiler is installed . Installation of utilities in this group is as follows:
- On the premises of the building spend the highway.
- Connect heating radiators.
- Install a safety group on the feed pipe in the immediate vicinity of the boiler.
- An expansion tank and a circulation pump are mounted on the return pipe.
- Connect the mains to the boiler.
- Connect the return and feed pipes of the hot water system .
- Check the equipment for performance.
Gas supply at home
Cooking stoves, as well as boilers and gas-fired boilers, are connected to the mains only with the permission of the relevant organizations. The same goes for gas tanks. A stove can be attached to a LPG bottle without prior approval. Connection to highways and a gas tank is also entitled to produce only licensed specialists. The cost of gas to the house depends mainly on how far the centralized pipeline is from it. The same goes for the gas tank. However, in the latter case, the owners will need to pay for this capacity itself (about 60 thousand rubles).
Sewerage at home: design and installation
This type of engineering communications has recently been collected both in private homes and in summer cottages. The main components of the sewer system are:
- septic tank or cesspool;
- pipeline;
- plumbing equipment in the house itself;
- wiring system.
The septic tank is installed in a pit dug at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. Engineering communications of this variety is designed taking into account the fact that pipes from the riser to the cesspool should be started with a slope of 2-3 cm by 1 p / m in a trench with a depth below freezing. Laying is carried out in such a way that along the entire length of the highway there are no elbows located at an acute angle.
As a riser in private homes, a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is usually used. The toilet is located in close proximity to it. The further it is installed, the greater the likelihood of blockages. The bathroom and sinks are connected to the riser usually through a sunbed. All pipes extended around the house are closed with special decorative plastic boxes.
Ventilation system
Such engineering communications of the building have recently become increasingly popular. Since even in small country houses today sealed plastic windows and modern doors are used, installation of a ventilation system is in most cases an urgent need. Most often, in the country houses, air handling equipment of this type is installed. It is mounted like this:
- In the attic or in the basement there is a supply and exhaust installation. Most often, it is supplemented by a recuperator, which saves on heating.
- Air ducts are parted on the premises. The holes in the walls are closed with decorative grilles. To the street, the supply pipe is started in the pipe through the wall. The outlet is usually displayed on the roof.
Sometimes modern ventilation systems are supplemented by various kinds of equipment that increase the comfort of living in the house. It can be, for example, built-in air conditioners or humidifiers.
Engineering communications are, therefore, the most important systems, a comfortable life without which in a country house is simply impossible. The design and installation of such equipment is a very important matter. You cannot make any mistakes while performing these operations. This can negatively affect not only convenience, but also the safety of living in the house. In small country houses, the installation of basic communications can be done with your own hands. It is better for the owners of large cottages to entrust this work to specialists.