Russian and earlier Soviet pre-school institutions have a long and wonderful tradition - to organize a variety of thematic exhibitions within their walls. Children's work, needlework of mothers and grandmothers, folklore collections - you can continue to list for a long time. In addition, the creation of a mini-museum contributes to the process of upbringing and education of preschool children.
What is a museum for?
In early childhood, the child receives a huge amount of information about the world around him and begins to realize his role in it. The knowledge and impressions laid precisely at preschool age are firmly laid down in a person’s memory for life. The expositions of the mini-museum in the preschool educational institution, devoted to various topics from culture or history, help turn abstract concepts into visual and tangible ones. Here all the exhibits can be picked up, viewed, played with them.
Our country is huge, not everywhere and not always there is an opportunity to take a child to a gallery or an exhibition. In addition, young children need a specific method of presenting information that is adapted to their age. The organization of a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution is an additional opportunity to expand the horizons of kids. In kindergarten, children get an initial idea of what a museum is. This will help to instill interest and love for visiting such places in later life.
Museum as a means of communication
Nowadays, everyone, both adults and children, spend more time with gadgets than with each other. This leads to alienation, the closure of people in themselves. Therefore, it is very important in the kindergarten to teach children live communication, to maintain a sense of team, an atmosphere of friendship and help each other. The creation of a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution sets a new direction and a powerful impulse to such communication. As part of museum work, active thematic games, holidays are held. Children are not just spectators, they are full-fledged participants in the preparation of all events, and, as a rule, they take this process very seriously and responsibly. Joint collection of unique exhibits and the manufacture of decorative elements with their own hands helps to activate parents. Usually they eagerly respond and take a lively part in the arrangement and replenishment of the collection.
Museum room
There are many options for equipping a permanent place in a kindergarten for thematic exhibitions. A mini-museum in a preschool educational institution may be common or in each group its own. The type and number of exhibits depends on the availability of free space in the building. If space permits, it is better to allocate a separate room or part of it for these purposes. For example, in the assembly hall or lobby, that is, where children often go. In such a museum corner, you can arrange various thematic exhibitions in which genre scenes with furniture, household items will be present.
There is not much free space for the mini-museum in the DOW group, but an original solution can be found. You can organize it directly in the game room or in the locker room. Of course, in this case, all museum exhibits should be compact: dishes, clothes, documents, photographs, drawings, household items. As the rich practice of teachers from all over our country shows, the diverse topics of the mini-museum in the preschool educational institution can be revealed even in a very small space.
Historical exhibition
In modern conditions, it is extremely important from the earliest years to arouse in a child a sense of the connection of generations, to cultivate respect and continuity of the traditional family values and moral standards of our ancestors. It is no accident that the format of the exposition was chosen - the recreation of the home environment and everyday life of the distant past. Acquaintance with Russian folklore in the framework of the mini-museum at the Russian Hut private educational institution will create a suitable setting and an atmosphere of immersion in a bygone era. Many ancient things that our ancestors used in everyday life will cause genuine interest in children. For example, wooden and clay dishes, embroidered towels and tablecloths, spindle, spinning wheel. As part of the topic, children conduct educational classes - the teacher tells and shows the purpose of all museum items, their use. At the same time there is an acquaintance with the oral folklore of the Russian people - fairy tales, songs, proverbs, jokes.
The collection of the museum should be constantly updated; for this, a draft of the Russian Hut mini-museum at the preschool educational institution is being prepared. It contains a plan of upcoming events on a monthly basis, differentiated for pupils of different ages. For instance:
- Acquaintance with the situation of an impromptu hut. A hostess in a national costume can meet children as guests, tell about how they kept household, drowned the stove, carried water in wooden buckets with a yoke, baked bread, spun, wove using old tools and appliances.
- The revival of ancient folk and Orthodox holidays, such as Pancake week, Christmas, Easter. For example, learning carols with children, traditional songs, games, reading fairy tales and Christmas stories, telling about signs and customs.
- A staging of a Russian folk tale with the participation of pupils of senior groups.
- A practical lesson is mastering folk crafts, for example, making dolls or painting dishes.
- Folk concert.
Within the museum, you can organize a separate exhibition of folk instruments: wooden spoons, whistles, rattles, master the game on them and make this number at a concert for parents. In general, holidays help to reveal the song and dance talents of children, to overcome shyness.
The richest strata of Russian folk art allow you to create an infinite number of options for events and training sessions in the folklore mini-museum in the preschool educational institution. Here, children will receive basic information about their native land, its history, nature, legends, traditions, nature and learn to love it.
Develop by playing
Toys not only allow you to entertain a child, while adults have no time. In this way, a small person learns the world around him. He simulates familiar situations, copies the actions of adults, tries to imitate them. For him, the game is a practice of real life. So he learns to exist in society, trying on different roles. It is amazing how rich the imagination of children is, their creativity. In ordinary everyday things, they see characters for their games. This is a unique property of the child’s brain - to create, to invent, to think creatively and unconventionally. Attracting children to actively participate in the mini-museum of mini-toys in the preschool educational institution will help to develop these important qualities.
For example, with the help of the children of the preparatory group, you can organize an exhibition of soft home-made toys for the smallest pupils. Several important points of the pedagogical process affect this event at once:
- For babies of the first years of life, it is visual and tactile sensations that are very important. Bright funny characters and animals made from rags of fabrics of different textures will make up an excellent collection for a mini-museum of mini-toys in a preschool educational institution.
- Older children learn to take care of younger ones, to do something useful for them.
- Adults trust children with a serious responsible business - this is very valuable for preschoolers.
The next project can be called "Toys of our grandmothers." Modern children are surrounded by computers and smartphones, which significantly limit and impoverish the creative, constructive foundation inherent in us. Undoubtedly, they will be interested in the entertainment and toys with which grandparents, fathers and mothers grew up. Children are happy to listen to the stories of their parents invited to the mini-museum of the DOW about their childhood, yard games, which, unfortunately, are now forgotten. This is the second important aspect of the work - as part of the event, children learn a variety of outdoor outdoor games. It is important that, reviving old games, teaching them children, teachers quietly restore the connection of generations. Help can be provided by parents. Many will be happy to teach kids to play their favorite children's games.
For such a museum, you can offer some more interesting collections. For example, an exposition of homemade and old-time Christmas toys. Preparation for the New Year in each house has its own traditions. Many families cherish cotton hares and snow maidens that are older than even grandmothers. These rare Christmas-tree decorations can become the most unusual exhibits of the New Year's collection of the mini-museum in the DOW. A selection of old New Year and Christmas cards can be placed next to it. Children can prepare an interesting story about a thing from the home archive that they brought for the museum. The collection will also be decorated with home-made Christmas toys made by children at home with parents and in the garden in the classroom, children's drawings on New Year's themes.
As a result, children again acquire useful skills:
- take care of things, toys;
- the development of artistic taste;
- the ability to tell, verbally express one’s thoughts, and also listen to others without interrupting;
- practical skills of needlework, drawing.
Traditional toys
In general, toys are one of the most inexhaustible and long-term ideas for a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution. Our country is the land of forests and lakes. From time immemorial, homemade wooden toys have been the most common and affordable.
Matryoshka is one of the main symbols of Russia. And in our time, toys made of wood are recognized as the most environmentally friendly and optimal for tactile contact. You can easily place such a mini-museum in a group of preschool educational institutions on one of the shelves of the game room. So all the exhibits, toys will be available for children. They can be taken at any time for classes or games. It is important that most wooden toys are a variety of logic games for different age groups - the same matryoshka, cubes, pyramids, building kits, constructors. Classes with them develop not only fine motor skills of the fingers, but also mathematical thinking, creativity in children. In the classroom from the teacher, children will learn the history of the emergence of traditional Russian wooden toys.
The clay toy also echoes all the previous themes of the mini-museum in the DOW. Such a collection is suitable for a folklore corner, and for a selection of unusual toys. Clay figurines, whistles, figures of animals, birds, people - one of the oldest types of toys. They appeared at the dawn of human civilization, when people learned to burn clay on fire. This excursion into history will undoubtedly be of interest to pupils of senior groups. After that, you can conduct practical training in the manufacture and painting of traditional clay toys, such as Dymkovo.
Fabric dolls
What could be nicer than a do-it-yourself soft rag doll. It is their little girls who love most. What is the secret? After all, it was not in vain that our distant ancestors made such dolls for amulets. The tradition has been preserved since pagan times, when the Slavs worshiped the sun. They were made for sacred rites and called differently. Basically, they were presented to women and girls - for a happy marriage, family well-being, easy birth, protection from evil spirits. They believed that Bereginya's doll would help.
In the old days, for their manufacture, not only homespun cloth was used, but also straw, bast. Its design is brilliantly simple - you need to fill a piece of canvas with something soft from the inside, give it the shape of a human figure and wrap it with threads, highlighting the head, arms, and waist. After that, the workpiece is decorated in accordance with its ritual purpose. The color of ribbons, threads, decor elements must strictly comply with the canons. Interestingly, such ritual figures did not draw facial features.
Naturally, for crafts in kindergarten, all these conventions are not necessary. The main thing in the process of creating dolls is to add an interesting story about their history. The craft is easy to make, you don’t need to sew anything, so practical exercises can be carried out even in younger groups. Children will not only learn this distinctive craft, but also learn a lot about old traditions. And then you can arrange a puppet beauty contest of the mini-museum of dolls in the DOW.
Whatever they are! The museum will be decorated with a collection of home-made and designer dolls for puppet shows. Together with them, children will fall into the bewitching world of the theater. To expand the horizons of preschool children, you can make an exhibition of dolls in national costumes. Of course, mothers will come to help in this case - they will help to sew original outfits. The tour will be ethnographic and geographical - the teacher will tell you where and what nationalities live. A selection of dolls dressed up with fairy tale characters will help children learn books that they have read. This is another homework for co-creation with mothers. You can hold a competition for the most recognizable hero of the tale, or an unusual costume. Children are very fond of showing such exhibitions to guests, mastering work in the mini-museum of the DOW.
A selection of old, “grandmother's” dolls deserves a separate honorary shelf. Each of them has its own and often amazing story, which the guys listen carefully to. Suppose these dolls are not as spectacular as the beauty Barbie and Winx, and one nose peeled off. But they, like an invisible energy bridge, connect several generations of small and long-grown children. A piece of warmth of the soul of each child is transferred to this doll. And what intricate outfits they have - you will not find such in the store. Hand-sewn dresses of old styles can be considered for a long time.
Undoubtedly, the puppet project of the DOW mini-museum is not just beautiful. Children significantly enrich their knowledge of the world around them, learn to admire the beautiful, take care of fragile beauty and create it with their own hands.
You read the necessary books as a child
Of course, the Internet and computer games are our everything, but only good books will help the child become an intelligent, harmoniously developed person. They will teach you to accurately distinguish good from evil, no matter how attractive the latter looks. It is important to instill a reading habit in children from an early age. Then the books will become his faithful and constant companions throughout life.
Perhaps the best place for a mini-museum of books in the DOW is the locker room in each group. Books are selected in accordance with the recommendations for each age group and placed so that they are clearly visible to both children and parents. Often, mothers simply do not know what is best to read to their baby at night - for them, such a stand will become a reliable reference point for the formation of a home library.
According to the calendar plan drawn up for the passport of the mini-museum in the preschool educational institution, in the classes children are introduced to various literary genres and writers. So in a natural way the book corner is updated and changed. Today it has old European tales, and next month - Zoshchenko’s stories and Marshak’s poems. Books of military and soldier themes will be of interest primarily to boys. As part of the book exhibition, you can equip a memorial stand for the anniversary of the Victory with stories and photographs about the exploits of relatives and friends during the war. For such memorable dates for the country, children under the guidance of educators can prepare performances on books they have read. Teachers put didactic materials for parents on the next shelf of the book exhibition, helping with literacy and reading skills. Thus, the book theme covers a huge section of the diverse information that children need for a full-fledged spiritual and personal development.
Kindergarten plays a crucial role in the formation of rich literary baggage in children's minds. It is no secret that many children are here for the first time acquainted with the best works of Russian classical and Soviet literature, begin to feel a craving for reading.
Scatter of buttons
The next original idea of the mini-museum project in the DOW is again devoted to home archives. What you will not meet in them, especially if several generations live in a family. The most interesting things are household items that have been preserved from grandmothers or even great-grandmothers. Caskets, knitted napkins, dishes, retro figurines, even old buttons with unusual decor can become unique exhibits in the kindergarten. How much new can children learn about the lives of loved ones in the recent past by looking at them.
The collection of buttons of the mini-museum in the preschool educational institution will be replenished with quite modern items. The main thing is that they should be large enough and bright. From them you can make a lot of educational board games and didactic kits for classes. In the group museum, these samples can be put in the lobby - for parents to familiarize themselves. Buttons perfectly develop fine motor skills, which means they contribute to the activation of brain activity, the development of creative abilities in children. In the process of arranging expositions and exhibitions in the museum's groups, cross-presentations of mini-museums at the preschool educational institution can be held. Such events enliven his activities, thanks to them, new, fresh ideas and ideas for the future are often born.
Education of patriotism
For centuries, our great country has been strong with its people, ordinary, ordinary citizens. That is why teachers of kindergartens have an extremely important task in modern conditions - to awaken in a small person love and respect for their family, parents, and homeland. Living in an atmosphere of confidence in the reliability and strength of his family, his future, the child learns to achieve goals, not to recede before problems, to stand firmly on his feet in any life situations.
The patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the global, priority goals of the mini-museum in the preschool educational institution. Of course, for the success of this undertaking, the process of forming a worldview in children should be gradual and continuous. In addition, museum activities should be interconnected with the general educational activities of the kindergarten. That is, in the monthly calendar, topics should be identical or, at least, similar. In this case, the materials of the collections will be an auxiliary visual aid and surroundings during classes, events, holidays, and if the museum is equipped in a separate room, then it is an ideal place for them.
Seniors can help conduct excursions for younger pupils, represent any folk heroes on matinees. This makes children more responsible. They feel their involvement in an adult, serious business. For them, such a museum corner in their own kindergarten is a favorite place and an important activity. Children are involved in the work of a mini museum in a preschool educational institution for the collection and production of materials and exhibits, maintaining them in order.
All of this in aggregate, step by step, develops in children the basic moral and civic values - kindness, caring, consciousness, the ability to help each other, love for relatives and homeland. In addition, they receive initial information about what a museum, history, natural history, local history, art, culture, theater are.
Planning and implementation
The creation of a museum requires careful preparation and the friendly efforts of the entire teaching staff. Initially, you need to draw up a passport of a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution, which prescribes the main tasks, problems, location, deadlines reflected in the calendar plan.
An important stage is conducting research, interviewing parents - how they are ready to help organize exhibitions. It is on the activity of the parents that the success of the whole thing depends on half. To bring unusual things from the house for the exhibition, to sew costumes for a folk concert, textiles for the decoration of the Russian hut, to help put together a table, benches - so they get involved in the process. Thus, parents set an important example for their children. Children are our mirror. It is difficult to teach them something if you do not do it yourself. When strangers and close people take up a common cause, they are more in contact, closer.
The productive and active interaction of the kindergarten administration and the family is a very important moment for motivating children to participate in the museum. In the provision on a mini-museum in a preschool educational institution this issue should be worked out in as much detail as possible. Then the subsequent implementation of the project will be more successful.