Brick is one of the most famous building materials. It has a number of important properties that make it indispensable. Brick is resistant to precipitation, able to withstand a large number of freezing cycles, etc. One of the most important characteristics of this building material is density. It defines such qualities as thermal conductivity, mass and strength.
Ceramic brick
The material is well-known to all in red, although modern technology has allowed to expand the number of shades. The density of ceramic bricks has a wide range, because it is produced for various purposes. This brick is made of clay, which is burned in special furnaces. It is divided into corpulent and hollow. In the first case, the density of ceramic bricks reaches 2000 kg / m 3 . This indicates its low porosity and great strength. Therefore, a solid brick is used for the construction of load-bearing walls and structures, columns, etc.
Hollow brick is not so dense. This indicator ranges from 1100-1400 kg / m 3 . It is undesirable to use it for the construction of supporting structures. Hollow brick is used for the construction of lightweight walls and to fill the frame. Due to its voidness, it has excellent heat and sound insulation qualities.
Silicate brick
It is made from a mixture of lime and sand. This material is cheap, it can be painted in a variety of colors, but it turns out to be fragile (compared to ceramic), heavy and easily lets cold and heat through. Because of these qualities, the use of bricks is limited to the construction of internal partitions. The use of this material to create load-bearing walls is unacceptable. Also, do not use it for the construction of furnaces, because when it is heated, it deforms.
The density of full silicate bricks is 1800-1950 kg / m 3 , and with voids - 1100-1600 kg / m 3 .
Brick brick
It is made from dry clay, which is burned at elevated temperatures. As a result, the products are very durable, wear-resistant. This material is not afraid of damp and difficult operating conditions. Therefore, it is used in places with increased load: when paving roads, erecting basement floors. He shows himself well when facing houses.
The density of full-body clinker bricks reaches 1900-2100 kg / m 3 , the strength is M1000. Porosity does not exceed 5%, due to which the material is little susceptible to moisture. Products are designed for 100 cycles of freezing and thawing. However, the production of such a brick is much more expensive than ceramic. Due to its high density, the material is heavy and has a high level of thermal conductivity.
Fireclay brick
This building material is designed for very high temperatures, it can withstand heat up to +1600 degrees. Therefore, fireclay bricks can be called not just fireproof, but fireproof. It is indispensable for laying stoves, fireplaces and other structures that will be exposed to high temperatures. Since the material is often used to decorate interior decoration elements, it is produced not only in a standard rectangular shape, but also in arched, trapezoidal and wedge-shaped. The density of the brick varies from 1700 to 1900 kg / cm 3 .
However, the products under consideration are classified not only by the material of manufacture, but also by purpose. Therefore, many characteristics will be determined precisely by the scope. Including the choice of raw materials will depend on this.
Facing brick
It is used for masonry on the outside of buildings. High demands are placed on his appearance. The brick must be smooth, smooth and glossy. It itself is hollow, due to which it performs 2 functions. The outer layer of brick is simultaneously decorating and warming. For external masonry, material of various shades is used. A variety of colors is achieved through the use of various firing technologies, temperature conditions and the composition of clay masses.
The density of the facing brick ranges from 1300 to 1450 kg / cm 3 , and the porosity can reach 14%. This is enough to provide a high level of strength, but at the same time not to forget about the insulating properties. The requirements for frost resistance of the material are high, because it is constantly in contact with the external environment.
Ordinary brick
It is used for interior work, walling, etc. High-strength bricks are allocated separately, which is used for the construction of load-bearing structures. In the first case, such an indicator as brick density varies from 1100 to 2000 kg / cm 3 , depending on the scope. So, to fill the frame and / or the device of the internal partitions, a hollow brick will be used, since it will not load the foundation. For exterior or load-bearing walls, it is best to take high-strength material. The density of the brick in this case will exceed 2000 kg / cm 3 .