When building a private house (for example, a summer residence or a manor), there is a desire to increase the living space and add an additional floor to the house. To do this, you need to choose the most comfortable and functional overlap. Well, we will pay more attention to this issue.
Types of floors
There are several varieties of these designs.
- Prefabricated floors. They are divided elements of the finished structure. These are mainly wooden parts or elements made of lightweight concrete. The most economical option, but also has many disadvantages. Most often found in wooden or frame houses.
- Prefabricated monolithic structures. Preferred for brick houses or gas blocks. Hollow core, moisture resistant and non-flammable. Very strong and reliable.
- Monolithic overlap between floors. An excellent option for a brick house, but this type is also used in aerated concrete buildings. This is the most common and universal type of interfloor separation, which, in turn, is divided into several types.
Types of monolithic floors
Here are the designs of this kind:
- flat monolithic plate made on a removable formwork;
- a plate of several layers formed on the formwork;
- coffered floors;
- ribbed floors.
The last two types are related to lightweight ceilings and are most common in construction.
Monolithic ribbed floor construction
This design consists of beams that can go in one or several directions, and a concrete slab. The work of structural elements is joint, which allows to reduce the weight of the floor, without compromising strength. Accordingly, the bearing walls and the foundation of the house are not loaded with heavy weight. This allows you to creatively design the top floor. The main difference between the ribbed coating is removable formwork. It gives the overlap a ribbed surface.
Important development points
Ribbed reinforced concrete floors are often made with their own hands, since there are no serious difficulties in the procedure for creating such a structure. However, do not forget that the construction of a new floor and floors is quite a serious job, and some details should be taken into account.
Any design must be correctly calculated. In this case, it is necessary to take into account what load the floor will give on the foundation of the house, the size of the ribbed floor, the load on the bearing walls, the amount of materials and other factors. In the calculation, you need to carefully study all the subtleties and it is advisable to consider it with a margin.
Considering that ribbed floors are the most affordable option, it must be remembered that the support and removable formwork, which are offered for rent, can completely block the savings on concrete, and the cost of the structure will be very high.
The main convenience in creating such an overlap is a large space. Small spans are much faster and easier to fill with a smooth overlap.
Gain
For those who are going to remodel the house or have any reason to strengthen the existing floor, there are several ways to independently carry out the work.
- Making a truss shirt. The simplest and most common way is reinforcing the structure. A special lattice is made of steel rods, the stiffening ribs of which reinforce the existing reinforced concrete base. The most important thing is to carefully check the finished shirt for strength. The more thorough the test, the safer the reinforcement of ribbed floors.
- To build up the overlap resort when it is necessary to strengthen the bearing capacity and structural strength. To do this, a reinforced grille of reinforcement is installed on a previously prepared concrete layer and poured on top with a new concrete layer.
- Reinforcement by supports. This is more of an additional method to reinforcement than an independent method. Basically, supports that take on part of the load are used if the truss shirt does not cope with the design on its own.
How to make a ribbed floor with your own hands?
After everything has been calculated and a decision has been made to mount this ceiling, I want to immediately begin work. Independently make it quite real, albeit time-consuming.
First of all, beams are prepared, from which temporary formwork will be made. The tree is mounted on the walls, preferably at a small distance from the edge of the wall, so that in the future there would be no serious problems with extraction. Beams that carry the main load are necessarily strengthened with supports that need to be connected by other beams to each other.
After the foundation has been prepared for pouring, the flooring of the reinforcement and welded frames begins, which will carry most of the load. The fittings are fastened with anchors.
At this stage, it is better to mark all the places of communications and make frameworks for holes before pouring concrete. After that, you can proceed to direct pouring, using a special apparatus or other available means.
For greater reliability, it is better to install steel corners with welded anchors to the ends of reinforced concrete beams.
As soon as the concrete hardens, the temporary formwork is removed, and you can begin further work.
Reviews and expert advice on ceilings
When creating something for yourself, it is important to listen to the opinions of specialists. Constructive criticism, an impassive discussion of the disadvantages and advantages can very often insure a person from serious mistakes in time. If we are talking about housing, especially about such serious work as an extension of the upper floor or redevelopment, the opinion of specialists is important.
Design advantages
First of all, builders praise this type of structure for their ability to evenly distribute the load, regardless of weight. For the foundation and load-bearing walls, this is the most important factor.
Experts say that with a competent approach, ribbed reinforced concrete structures are the most profitable option in terms of price and quality. When planning ribbed floors, the calculation must be done accurately and correctly. Then a considerable amount is saved on the material.
The dimensions of such a ribbed floor can be very diverse. So, these designs are great for both small houses and large structures.
Cons According to Professionals
When it comes to living quarters, builders immediately warn that the lower part of the ribbed ceiling between floors needs additional coverage, since the view is extremely unaesthetic. It is not always convenient to additionally sheathe the ceiling with veneer, plasterboard or any other material in order to hide concrete ribs.
Also, professionals consider it a minus that the creation of temporary formwork takes a lot of time, and renting finished products from contractors erases material benefits and makes this type more expensive relative to other options.
Experts also note the need for a separate layer of sound insulation, and ideally, thermal insulation, too.
Builders also note that installation work should be carried out continuously, since debris, foreign objects, dirt, and sediments are not allowed to enter the ceiling. It will be difficult to work independently in this mode.