When studying the vegetation cover of the Earth, it can be noted that there is a division into zones in which certain representatives of the flora prevail. The same statement applies to the animal kingdom. This is determined by the special climate conditions existing in each specific area. Based on these observations, a division into climatic zones arose. Let's consider them in more detail.
The equatorial zone, or inland tropical, includes part of the land, which extends along the equator to the beginning of 10 ° S. w. and 10 ° c. w. This zone is characterized by high rainfall and high air temperature. Temperature fluctuations are negligible.
Then follows the outer tropical zone. It is also characterized by high temperature, but much less rainfall. Rainy periods give way to dry ones. All climatic zones have their own characteristic features of weather conditions.
Next is the subtropic zone or trade winds zone. Here the amount of precipitation is significantly reduced. The air in this area is less humid. Due to the ascending air currents, the weather is cloudless, and fluctuations in air temperature during the day are insignificant. Desert prevails in this climate zone.
The etesia zone is characterized by a sharp change in rainy winters in summer with dry weather.
The temperate zone is characterized by high rainfall throughout the year. The climate in such areas can be warm, with virtually no frost or with cold, but short winters. It depends on the proximity of the ocean.
But this is not all the climatic zones represented on our planet.
The next is a zone of temperate latitudes of arid climate. It is characterized by a small amount of precipitation, minimal humidity, cold winters and warm summers.
The climatic zones of the Earth are completed by the last, polar or arctic zone. It is distinguished by small precipitation and very low air temperature.
Natural and climatic zones in different hemispheres are not the same. They can be expressed quite clearly or, conversely, have weak characteristic features. It depends on the ratio of land and ocean waters, as well as air and sea currents.
Nevertheless, the planet is surrounded by parallel climate zones with the same signs and weather conditions.
An example of a detailed division of the Earth into zones in accordance with the existing climate was given. But speaking more briefly, five main zones can be distinguished.
Near the South and North poles are polar zones. Then, as they approach the equator, temperate zones come. And the last zone is located on both sides of the equator and is called tropical.
Many of the European countries are in the temperate zone.
Each zone is characterized by certain representatives of the plant and animal world.
If we consider the climatic zones of Russia, then there is a great variety. This is due to the vast territory of the country, in which zones of temperate, subarctic, subtropical and arctic climate are represented .
Climatic signs of the following zones are clearly expressed: tundra, forest, forest-tundra, steppe, forest-steppe and arctic.
Climatic zones affect the country's economy. They determine the diversity of the animal and plant world. For example, Russia is the largest producer and supplier of valuable fur.
Thus, the climate zone is a sign of one or another territory of the planet. It becomes a determining factor for the habitat of animals and the growth of certain plant species. Each climate zone has its own climate, which depends on air and sea currents.