One of the important stages in the construction of a country toilet is the choice of location. It is regulated by current regulatory documents. From water sources, for example, wells and wells, a country toilet should be removed 25 m. It is better to begin construction in the lowland.
Much will depend on the occurrence of groundwater. The lower their level, the less will have to make a cesspool. It may not be suitable if the groundwater is too high. Observe how prevailing winds blow. This factor must be taken into account so that specific odors do not cause problems for you or your neighbors.
Preparatory stage
Before starting construction, you need to prepare a drawing of a country toilet. With your own hands in this case, you can carry out the work without resorting to outside help. At this stage, you will need to determine the size of the building, its width and height. The last parameter can be equal to 2.2 m. As for the width and depth, they are equal to 1 x 1.4 m, respectively. Form is also important, but everyone chooses it independently. The most common options are toilets in the form of a hut, houses and towers.
You can easily build a country toilet with your own hands. A step-by-step guide will help you with this, you just need to thoroughly deal with each step. For example, at the preparatory stage, you need to take care of finding information, instructions, drawing up diagrams and drawings, selecting materials and tools. Among the latter, it is necessary to highlight:
- a shovel;
- scrap;
- a barrel;
- hand drill.
The shovel should have a short handle. Instead of scrap you can use a hammer drill, which is especially true if the site is heavy soil. For lack of a barrel, you can use the capacity, its volume should force 200 liters. She will be needed for a cesspool.
If you have a question about how to build a country toilet with your own hands inexpensively, you can consider an alternative solution - a well meter ring. For digging a hole in this case, it is better to use a shovel with a short handle, because in cramped conditions it will not be easy for you to turn around with a long tool. If the territory is hard earth like heavy clay, limestone or pebble, then use a pickaxe, crowbar or punch. To work with an electric tool, you will need to connect to a power source.
You can also purchase a ready-made toilet from among those offered by modern stores, but it is more interesting to do it yourself. When designing a project, you should consider the presence of a layer of thermal insulation and a ventilation system. Construction can be carried out from improvised materials or purchase modern sandwich panels.
Creating a septic tank
You can create a cottage septic tank with your own hands on the basis of a cesspool. Its size, or rather, depth, will depend on the presence of groundwater and the level of their occurrence. The diameter can be determined arbitrarily, because there are no special recommendations in this regard. Manipulation is necessary in good weather, when there is no precipitation.
It is recommended to reach the sand so that the liquid fractions can easily seep out. The foundation pit is well cleaned, its walls and bottom are leveled and compacted. Then a barrel is installed, it can be based on any metal or plastic. But the last option is ready to last not too long.
If you decide to build a country toilet with your own hands, the instruction will allow you to figure it out step by step. The technology may involve the use of concrete rings, this option is preferable. But without a crane will not do. The drive can be formed of brick or stone, which are strengthened by a reinforced mesh or reinforcement followed by a waterproofing device. The surface is then covered with plaster.
Creating the foundation for a wooden toilet
You can build a country toilet with your own hands (drawings are presented later in the article), starting with the markup. Next you have to do earthworks. They suggest drilling holes where the supports will be located. If you plan to use the toilet all year, then the foundation needs to be deepened below the freezing line of the soil. The basis is usually a rectangle.
DIY wooden toilets with their own hands are created by home craftsmen most often. The basis will be a frame that consists of a beam. It is cut to size. External sheathing for reinforcement may not be enough, so the frame is strengthened with scarves and braces.
To create a stool at a height of 0.5 m, it is necessary to install the transverse bars inside the future toilet. They will become the basis. Since the toilet is small, the roof can be formed without using a lag. For the roof, any materials are used without restrictions. If you want the construction to be in harmony with the house, it is better to use in its creation those materials that were used in the construction of the main building. If you decide to purchase or use the remains of the tiled coating, then it will require strengthening the roof frame.
Using the drawings of wooden country toilets, with your own hands you can cope with the task quite simply. At the next stage, you can proceed to the device of the floor and wall cladding. For lining the outside and inside, you can use the lining. The next step will be the installation of the door and flooring. The latter are boards, which are subsequently painted. On a concrete base, you can lay ceramic tiles.
Work on ventilation
A ventilation pipe is usually installed on the rear wall of structures, which is discharged above the roof level. If you plan to use the toilet all year round, you should equip a small patch for heating.
Creating a backlash closet
Before proceeding with the construction of a toilet for a summer residence with your own hands, step-by-step instructions should be studied. It can be based on the creation of a backlash closet. This system is a transitional link between the pit and the hygienic septic tank. At the heart of - a sealed pit. You can clean such a cesspool with wastewater equipment. This possibility must be foreseen in advance.
The design works according to a simple principle. The toilet should be located next to the house, while the toilet is located inside, and the cesspool - outside.
So, how to make a summer toilet with your own hands? First you need to dig a hole, deepening 100 cm or more. Its walls and bottom are poured with concrete mortar. As soon as the mixture hardens, the surface should be treated with waterproofing mastic.
A waterproofing layer is also installed around the perimeter of the pit. It is better to use clay for this. A layer of 50 cm thick is enough. A hatch is located on top of the cesspool. It is closed with lids made of cast iron and wood. Between them, a layer of thermal insulation is laid, which is often used mineral wool. At the next stage, a sewer pipe must be laid through the wall of the house. On it waste will go from the toilet to the septic tank. The toilet in this case also requires a forced ventilation system. To solve this problem, you can purchase a special fan or create natural ventilation. Its action will be based on the temperature difference.
At the final stage, the toilet is installed, which is connected to the cesspool. After that, you can assume that the toilet is ready for use. Such a system differs from the traditional city one only in that the drains will go to the equipped cesspool, and not to the sewer.
Making powder closet
Such toilets do not provide for the arrangement of a cesspool. Instead, containers are used that are located under the highchair. When filled to a certain level, the tank is taken out and cleaned. Indoors, install a container with:
After each visit to the toilet, these materials are poured into the toilet, which reduces the intensity of unpleasant odors. Do-it-yourself cottage toilet is easy to create. Such closets are convenient in operation, and for the full use of the restroom it is necessary to organize high-quality ventilation.
With intensive use, every 2-3 years the toilet can be rebuilt by installing a clean container in a new place. At the same time, the old cesspool is covered with earth. The fourth time you can "move" to the very first place, the waste during this time will completely decay.
Recommendations of a specialist in the construction of a wooden toilet
Wood for creating a toilet house is an excellent material, it has many advantages, but it also has one serious drawback - during the life of the material, the material gradually deforms and changes linear dimensions. Between the boards, cracks appear over time. To mask them, use a narrow rail. It is packed on top of the slots, which makes it easy to solve the problem.
Should I use a cesspool with an earthen bottom
If you wish, you can easily equip a cottage toilet pit with your own hands. However, some nuances should be taken into account. The foundation will be a foundation pit with an earthen bottom, which serves as a natural filter. This option, although most in demand, is only suitable for cottages, whose owners do not visit them so often. If the toilet is not used very intensively, then you will not use the services of wastewaters soon.
The cesspool has one important drawback, which is the slow absorption of liquid by the soil. If a large family lives permanently in the country and produces a significant amount of sewage and sewage, the toilet will not cope with its main task. Before you equip the toilet in the country with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with sanitary norms and rules. They mentioned that the described type of pit, equipped under the toilet, processes up to one cubic meter of sewage in a natural way during the day.
Earth pits are potential environmental pollutants. This is especially true in cases where fecal effluents are discharged there. Wastewater is processed in pits due to bacteria in the ground. But when the volume of sewage is greater than the recommended volume, runoff invariably penetrates into the deeper layers of the soil. In this case, the natural biofilter does not fulfill its functions. As a result, the contaminated liquid begins to mix with underground water strata, which makes well water unusable. As a result, a toilet in a summer cottage becomes a source of potential environmental hazard.
In order to exclude pollution of water sources, it is necessary to follow the rules that govern the placement of sedimentation tanks. They have requirements on how to properly dig a toilet hole. From the artesian well, the cesspool should be separated by 20 m if work is being done on clay soils. If we are talking about loam, then this distance increases to 30 m.
If there are light soils in the territory, construction of a cesspool should be started 50 meters from sources of drinking water. This applies to sandy and sandy loamy soils. Soil characteristics have an influence on which side the absorption of waste fluid will occur. So, high clay soils require pumping of accumulated effluents.
Shower and WC project
A country toilet and a shower with your own hands is quite easy to equip. But for a start, a project is being prepared so that the design is convenient and functional. Its size and shape can be any. But a house with the following parameters will become comfortable in operation: 2750 x 200 x 2520 mm. In such rooms shelves and rectangular benches are usually installed. The design can be installed on a columnar foundation. If you make each room with a width and length of 130 x 200 cm, respectively, then the inside will not be crowded. The height of the ceilings can be 2.5 m.
Material selection
Before you build a summer toilet yourself, you will need to choose the materials. The construction can be made frame by installing it on a columnar foundation. The roof is better to make a gable. For frame construction, a deep base is not required, because the building will have little weight. Thanks to the pillars, the structure will rise above the surface of the soil. This will protect the lower harness from fungus and dampness. Water will not linger under the base.
The cold attic can be equipped with a gable roof. Water from its surface will drain faster. When buying boards and boards, you should take into account their humidity. Its level should not be more than 22%, which can be determined using a needle hydrometer. You can do it yourself. You can borrow the dimensions of the country toilet from the article or calculate them yourself. But first you need to prepare the materials:
- bars;
- wooden edged boards;
- tile;
- plastic pipes;
- gravel;
- sand;
- plywood sheets;
- metal tile;
- sewer drain.
You can make the lower and upper harnesses from beams, the length of which will be 2,750 mm. Four beams should have a length of 2000 m. The cross-section of these materials will be 100 x 100 mm. For vertical supports, smaller bars of 50 x 100 mm are suitable. Their number should be equal to 24 pieces. For crates, use 10 x 100 mm boards. For flooring in the toilet, 40 x 150 mm boards are excellent. They will need about 20 pieces.
OSB sheets are used as the final floor. If in the shower you plan to tile the floors, then its quadrature should be equal to 2 m 2 . You will need a concrete mix of the M-200 brand in a volume of 1.5 cubic meters. For the manufacture of formwork, it is necessary to take care of the presence of plywood sheets. Wooden elements should not have cracks, knots and other damages. Sheets of laminated plywood, OSB, fiberboard or particleboard will be the rough ceiling. In order to make it convenient to fasten the bars, plates and metal corners should be used.
Tool preparation
If you are planning to build a country toilet with your own hands, then you should take care of the following tools:
- shovel and bayonet shovels;
- concrete mixers;
- high capacity;
- screwdriver;
- building level;
- measuring tape;
- nails
- self-tapping screws;
- a pencil;
- planers;
- a cord;
- square;
- a hammer;
- an ax;
- electric welding machine;
- jigsaw or hacksaw.
Step-by-step instruction
Step number 1. When all the materials are purchased and the tools are prepared, construction can begin. First, a place is selected. Then a columnar foundation is erected. Before this, marking is done using a cord and tape measure. Next, dig a pit for a cesspool, deepening by 2 m or more. The length and width of the pit can be equal to 150 x 100 cm, respectively. The pit is strengthened, for this its walls are laid out with bricks. The bonding agent will be a cement mortar.
Step number 2. As soon as the walls are ready, the bottom is covered with a mixture of gravel and sand, then poured with concrete. The result is a concrete tank that will not pass contents through the walls. Do-it-yourself cottage toilet, as mentioned above, is installed on a columnar base. To do this, dig 80 cm holes, the diameter of which will be 20 cm. 10 cm of sand is poured into the bottom, which is well compacted. A 10 cm layer of gravel is poured on top, which is well pressed.
Step number 3. From plywood sheets or boards, it is necessary to make a formwork for pillars. It will rise 30 cm above the soil surface. In the middle of the hole, several reinforcement rods must be inserted to strengthen the concrete. The metal frame is connected by wire. Next, you need to mix the concrete and pour it into the formwork. If the work is carried out in hot weather, then the formwork is covered with something, otherwise the concrete may crack. A drain pipe is installed under the shower. For the lower trim, use square bars with a side of 100 mm.
Step number 4. Wooden elements are interconnected in half a tree. Between concrete pillars and wood, a ruberoid should be laid. The frame and the concrete base are interconnected using metal studs with nuts. The frame above the cesspool is assembled from a metal channel. At the next stage, you can proceed to the construction of frame walls. For this, 50 x 100 mm bars are used, which are located in the corners. The verticality of their position should be checked by the construction level. , .
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Step number 6. If you are faced with the task of how to build a country toilet with your own hands, step-by-step instructions will help you with this. She fully describes the technology. In the next step, three vertical posts must be installed on the upper harness. A ridge board is fixed on top. From boards it is necessary to make rafters for a gable roof. A distance of 65 cm is maintained between the elements. Rafter legs should have a length that is 20 cm longer than the edges of the walls of the structure. Fastening of elements is carried out by self-tapping screws.
Step number 7. When building a toilet in a summer cottage, at the next stage you will have to make a crate from the edged board, between the elements of which a distance of 30 cm is maintained. The board is connected on the ridge element. The length of the blanks is selected so that they protrude beyond 20 cm.
Step number 8. Do not do at this stage without wind boards. The roof is covered with metal, which is fixed with screws to the crate. A vapor barrier layer is not provided here, as the interior space will not be heated. The construction of a summer toilet with your own hands also involves the installation of a floor. To do this, cut the bars from the boards. They are fixed on the lower harness with screws. From the entrance to the pedestal, the floor length will be 100 cm. Now you can cut 5 bars, each of which is 40 cm long. Using self-tapping screws and metal corners, these elements are screwed to the floorboard.
When the cottage toilet with your own hands is erected using the above technology, you can proceed to the device of the shower. For this, a water barrel is used. A tube with a shower head joins it. To install the tank you will need a flat roof. Since in this case the roof is gable, the installation will require the construction of a stand. It is made of a corner, channel or metal pipe. Elements are interconnected by electric welding.
You can prepare drawings with the dimensions of the country toilet yourself, as well as do the work. So, a stand for a container is made of a corner with sides of 50 mm. The thickness of the material is 3 mm. To strengthen the structure, amplifiers must be welded every 100 cm, placing them perpendicularly. The length of the frame will be 4 m.
The result is a solid stand in the form of a tripod. Near the shower wall, it will be necessary to drill 3 holes, delving into the soil per meter. A tripod is lowered in them and poured with concrete. As a barrel, a plastic 20-cm container can be used, the width of which is 100 cm. Due to the insignificant height, the water in which barrel will heat up quite quickly. A wooden frame should be made under it. It is made of square bars with a side of 50 cm. The ends are connected and fixed with screws.
In the next step, you can proceed with installing the shower pipe. To do this, it is better to use 25 mm made of plastic. Drill similar holes in the barrel. Using rubber seals and locknuts, a fitting should be installed. A pipe joins it, then comes a ball valve. It is necessary for shutting off water, if it is necessary to carry out construction or repair work. Holes should be drilled in the ceiling and a pipe inserted into it. It is located in the shower, at this stage tees and fittings will be needed. In a tube under the ceiling, you need to install a watering can with a tap.
Work on the seat
In work, schemes of country toilets will be an excellent help. With your own hands, with their help, you can carry out the work without resorting to the help of specialists. The technology for arranging the interior of the toilet provides for the installation of a seat. In order to make a smooth hole, it is necessary to attach a bucket to the middle of the pedestal and circle it with a pencil.
With a jigsaw you can cut a hole in the marked area. Next, a bucket is installed and fixed on the screws. If you plan to use the toilet in winter, you should purchase a foam seat. In any weather, it will remain warm, which is important for health.