Before proceeding with the assembly of the heating system of a country house, it is imperative to develop its detailed project. In this case, first of all, you need to determine the type of equipment needed, as well as make all the necessary calculations. Which heating radiator is best for a private house, how to choose the right boiler and pipes for highways, what type of wiring will be better in this or that case - read about all this later in the article.
Basic structural elements
To build a heating system in a country house you will have to purchase:
boiler;
radiators;
circulation pump;
pipes for highways.
You will also need to buy an expansion tank. In modern heating systems, only membrane equipment of this type is mainly used.
What to consider when choosing radiators
When purchasing batteries, you should first pay attention to:
Which heating radiator is best for a private house: the main varieties
Modern industry produces several types of such equipment. In specialized stores you can find batteries:
cast iron;
of steel;
from aluminum;
bimetallic.
All these types of heating radiators for a private house are pretty good. The choice in this case depends mainly on the operational characteristics of a particular system and the financial capabilities of the owners of the building itself.
Cast iron batteries
The main advantages of radiators of this type are low cost and durability. Cast iron batteries are not subject to corrosion and can last faithfully for up to 50 years. In addition, they are undemanding to the quality of the coolant and can easily withstand quite a serious pressure in the system - up to 12 atmospheres.
The advantages of cast-iron models, therefore, have a lot, and therefore, in some cases, they can be an excellent answer to the question of which radiators to choose for heating a private house. However, despite the large number of advantages, such batteries are rarely installed in residential suburban buildings. The thing is that Soviet radiators of this variety look too old-fashioned. It is almost impossible to fit them harmoniously into a modern interior. In addition, these batteries weigh a lot and can be used mainly only in buildings with very strong walls. For example, for a house built of foam concrete, they are absolutely not suitable.
Cast iron heating radiators are suitable for a private house, but, deciding to choose just such models, it is worth bearing in mind that they do not differ in particularly high efficiency. Such batteries warm up quite slowly, and their heat dissipation is not particularly large.
Steel models
Radiators of this type, unlike cast-iron, warm up very quickly. This makes them simply ideal for heating systems with temperature control. On top of that, and steel batteries do not weigh too much. Therefore, they can be installed in buildings with walls of any materials, including foam blocks or SIP panels.
Steel radiators for heating a private house, therefore, are pretty good. Their disadvantages are only fragility and inability to withstand significant pressure. The second drawback for a private home is usually not too big a role. After all, the pressure in the pipes in such buildings is most often not particularly high. If this figure in the system does not exceed 7-8 atmospheres, you can safely buy steel models. However, one should pay attention to the quality of the coolant as well. If an effective system for purifying water from a well or a well in a house is not installed, you should still refuse to buy such equipment. When using low-quality coolant, such radiators quickly rust and begin to leak.
When answering the question of which radiators to choose for heating a private house, it is worth considering including the acquisition of a relatively new kind of steel equipment of this type, which recently appeared on the domestic market. We are talking about batteries made of stainless steel. Such radiators can last even longer than cast iron, they are characterized by high efficiency and attractive appearance. However, such equipment is, unfortunately, quite expensive. Mostly, only elite cottage owners can afford this type of battery.
Aluminum models
The main advantage of such radiators is an attractive appearance. Aluminum batteries look very modern and fit easily into almost any interior. They are inexpensive, but, like cast-iron, they are rarely used in private homes. The thing is their increased demands on the quality of the coolant. In an acidic environment, aluminum reacts very quickly with the release of a fairly large amount of gas. And this, in turn, leads to the airing of the system and its failure.
Thus, aluminum heating radiators for a private house, therefore, are well suited only when a sufficiently clean coolant is used in the mains. As for pressure, such models can easily withstand loads of up to 15 atm.
Bimetal Batteries
When answering the question of which heating radiator is best for a private house, it is worth thinking about buying a model of this type in the first place. Bimetallic batteries are currently perhaps the most popular type of such equipment. The design of radiators of this type includes elements made of two types of metal - aluminum and steel (or copper). Hence their name. The advantages of bimetallic radiators, among other things, include:
In general, it is bimetal heating radiators that are best suited for a private house. Reviews of models of this type available on the network indicate this unambiguously. Owners of suburban real estate consider such equipment to be very high quality, convenient in installation and operation. In appearance, such radiators resemble aluminum, but they are much more reliable. Their design is such that they look like a monolithic product. Since the performance of such batteries is better than that of aluminum, they cost a little more (about 25%).
Power radiators
Calculation of heating a private house should start with the definition of this particular indicator. The selection of radiators for a large cottage, of course, should be entrusted to specialists. If the system is assembled in a small one-story private house, this procedure can be performed independently, according to a simplified scheme.
In order to calculate the battery power, you first need to know such parameters as:
The last indicator when using a simplified calculation scheme is usually defined as 1 kW of power per 10 m 2 of the room (or 1 m 2 of 100 W). That is, in order to find out what kind of batteries are needed in a particular case, you just need to substitute the desired value in the formula N = S * 100 * 1.45, where S is the area of ββthe room, 1.45 is the coefficient of possible heat leakage.
Next, let's see how to calculate heating radiators for a private house using a specific example. Performing this procedure is actually quite simple. For example, for a room 4 m wide and 5 m long, the calculation will look as follows:
5 * 4 = 20 m 2 ;
20 * 100 = 2000 W;
2000 * 1.45 = 2900 W.
Heating radiators are most often installed under the windows. Accordingly, their required number is selected. In houses with an area of ββ20 m2, 2 windows are usually equipped. Therefore, in our example, we need two radiators with a capacity of 1450 watts each. This indicator can be adjusted first of all by changing the number of sections in the battery. But, of course, in any case, there should be exactly enough of them so that the radiator fits freely in a niche under the window.
The power of one section in different types of batteries may vary. So, for bimetallic radiators with a height of 500 mm, this figure is usually 180 watts, and for cast-iron radiators - 160 watts.
How to choose a boiler
So, we found out which heating radiator is better for a private house. If desired, for a country building, you can choose both cast-iron and aluminum, steel or bimetal batteries. In this case, everything depends mainly only on the quality of the coolant, the pressure in the system and the characteristics of the interior of the premises. However, when designing a project, of course, you should decide on the characteristics of other necessary equipment. In particular, it is necessary to calculate the power of the boiler. Modern industry produces four varieties of such equipment:
gas boilers;
electric;
liquid fuel;
solid fuel.
These are the ones that are available today mainly for sale boilers for heating a private house. How to choose a specific type of such equipment - the question is actually not too complicated. Most often, gas boilers are installed in homes . Installing them is usually quite expensive. But at the same time, such equipment is quite economical and convenient to use. Electric boilers are cheap, but are expensive to operate. Therefore, they are most often installed only if there is no gas pipeline near the house.
Solid fuel and diesel heating boilers are used mostly in buildings built in remote areas. That is, where there is no gas supply and no power lines. Such equipment is usually quite expensive and not very convenient to use.
Boilers for heating a private house: how to choose the power
In order to determine this indicator, they usually also hire a specialist. You can try to calculate the power of the boiler yourself only for a small country house. As with the choice of radiators, in this case, the fact is taken that 1 kW of boiler power is required for 10 m2 of the room area.
Wiring diagram selection
Heating mains can be laid in various ways. In small country houses, the simplest Leningradka system or a dead-end two-pipe system is usually used. In residential cottages on several floors, a collector scheme is often used. In one-story houses of a very large area, a very effective heating system, called the Tichelman loop , can also be mounted .
How to determine the required diameter of the lines
When calculating the heating of a private house, you should, of course, calculate this indicator. If the diameter of the lines is incorrectly selected, the system will not work effectively. To buy suitable pipes, you first need to decide:
The first indicator is calculated by the formula Q = (V * Ξt * K) * 860, where V is the volume of the room, Ξt is the difference in air temperature in the room and on the street, K is the correction factor (depends on the degree of insulation of the building and is determined by a special table) .
The optimal velocity of the coolant in the system is 0.36-0.7 m / s. The obtained value of the thermal power and the selected pressure indicator should simply be substituted in the table for determining the diameter of the pipes.
As for the material of highways, in our time, both in small country houses and in cottages, metal plastic is usually used. However, if you wish, you can put in a private residential building and steel or even expensive and very durable copper pipes.
Buying a circulation pump
When choosing this kind of equipment, you should mainly determine two indicators:
with working pressure;
with performance.
The second characteristic is calculated by the formula P = 3.6 x Q / (c x ΞT) (kg / h), where ΞT is the difference between outdoor and indoor air temperatures, s is the specific heat of water, 1.6 is the dimension.
The necessary pump head can be determined by the formula J = (F + R x L) / p x g (m), where F is the resistance of the valve, R is the hydraulic resistance, L is the length of the section, p is the density of the working fluid, g is the acceleration of gravity .