The Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Region has been part of the Trans-Baikal Territory since 2008. Previously, it was a subject of the RSFSR and the Russian Federation, but on March 1, 2008 there was a merger with the Chita Region, and the territory of the former Autonomous Okrug became an administrative-territorial unit with a special status.
Geography
In Eastern Siberia, the Aginsky Buryat Okrug is located in the forest-steppe and steppe zone, far from the oceans and seas, which determines the sharply continental climate.
In winter, the average temperature is -22 ° - -26 ° C, with low rainfall and light wind. In summer, the average temperature is + 16 ° - + 20 ° C with an uneven amount of precipitation, where dry hot weather is in the first half of summer and it rains in the second half.
Large reserves of mineral waters, numerous mineral springs, more than 20 large mineral deposits allow us to predict how the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug will develop.
Time in Moscow is +6 hours, the district is in an 8-hour zone.
Water sources in the region are shallow rivers of the Amur basin and drying lakes. Forests cover 30% of the total area; the flora and fauna depend on the climatic zone: steppe, forest, taiga or body of water. Many animals and birds are listed in the Red Book of the Buryat Autonomous Okrug.
History: before and after the formation of the Trans-Baikal Territory
In 1937, on September 26, the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug was formed from two aimags - Aginsky and Ulan-Ononsky. Until 1958, the district had another name - Aginsky Buryat-Mongolian national district, and in 1992 it became an independent district.
Historians believe that the active settlement of the territory took place in the 17th century, when the Buryats obeyed Russia, and the migration of Russian peoples to Eastern Siberia began, mainly by Cossacks. Nomadic peoples gradually changed their way of life, and during the years of collectivization they changed it to a settled one.
In the Great Patriotic War, the male half of the population went to the front. In difficult times for the country, cattle were raised in the district. During the war years, about 18 thousand horses, about 30 thousand cattle, countless sheep, goats, wool, milk and other agricultural products were sent.
In 2006, at the initiative of the heads of administration and governors of the Chita Oblast and the Aginsko-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, a letter was sent to the President with the aim of uniting the two entities. The President supported this initiative.
In 2007, a referendum was held among residents of the constituent entities, in which 94% voted in favor of a union. On June 23, 2007, a constitutional law was signed on the creation of a new entity - the Trans-Baikal Territory.
Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug: the capital
The village of Aginsky is the capital of the district. The population at the beginning of 2016 amounted to 17 thousand people. The first mention of this village dates back to 1811, although it is believed that the first settlements at this place appeared earlier, in the XVII century.
This is a small village where the bulk of the population is engaged in agriculture, which originated in Soviet times. However, entering the market economy at the end of the twentieth century dealt a big blow to agriculture: reducing the number of livestock, old equipment, reducing the area sown, and the unpreparedness of workers â the level of development fell back several years ago.
Today, the industry of Aginsk is associated with agriculture and its processing. Gradually, the development of free territories and their study from the point of view of minerals begins. The Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug is rich in deposits of ore, tungsten, tin, antimony, manganese, basalt and others.
There are few sights in Aginsk: in the village there is a datsan - a Buddhist monastery, which was founded in 1811, St. Nicholas Church, built in 1903. It is worth mentioning the monument to G. Ts. Tsybikov, a Russian artist who studied Central Asia and Tibet.
Political structure and administration of the Aginsky-Buryat district
The structure of the district from 2006 to the present includes 3 municipal districts - Aginsky, Duldurginsky and Mogoytuysky. They include 4 cities and 35 rural settlements, in total - 42 entities.
Aginsky Buryat District according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation is an independent subject of the Russian Federation. The highest official is the head of the district administration. The legislative branch is represented by 15 deputies who are elected for 5 years.
Economy
Gradually, the district develops mineral deposits. The main direction is mining of coal, tungsten and tantalum. According to some estimates, only 13% of the total number of employees are employed in industry. However, this allows, in addition to mining and processing minerals, to produce bricks, engage in the forest industry and prospecting for further research and development of the mining industry.
Actively, the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Region is developing land for agriculture, engaged in the cultivation of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and the production of meat, wool and milk.
Population and religion
According to the 2008 census, the district had a population of 76 thousand, which is increasing by 1000 people every year. However, a sharp jump in demography occurred from 1959 to 1970, when from 49 thousand people the population grew to 65 thousand.
The ethnic composition of the district is Buryats, Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kalmyks. The proportion of the indigenous population is 62%, the share of Russians is 35%, the rest of the peoples are 3%.
The Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Region is divided into two religious branches - Orthodoxy, which is professed by Russians and Ukrainians, and Lamaism, which is professed by local peoples. Lamaism is an offshoot of northern Buddhism, prevalent among the Mongols, Tibetans and Tuvans.
Local Buddhism is different from Hindu: in Soviet times, he had to adapt to the political system, forms of social organization, the way of life and traditions of the local people.