Natural ventilation is considered one of the oldest methods of air exchange for rooms for various purposes. So, for example, the ventilation of the Pantheon - the greatest temple - was carried out in this way. As a rule, natural ventilation involves the circulation of air masses as a result of temperature differences outside and inside. An important provoking factor is the gradation of atmospheric pressure in accordance with the height of the structure, as well as continuous wind fluctuations.
Ventilation of industrial buildings, residential structures, arranged in this way, has several advantages compared with forced systems. Among these advantages, it should be noted several of the most significant.
So, air circulation is ensured in the room without the use of additional equipment, which must be installed when installing forced systems. Natural ventilation does not require the installation of expensive communication devices and energy-intensive units. This will not only reduce the cost of installing the system, but also eliminate the additional costs of utilities (electricity, in particular).
Natural ventilation is a fairly simple design. The comparative ease of installation, along with the high maintainability of the systems, will save on maintenance. A simple design, as a rule, is characterized by a long term of trouble-free operation.
In addition to reliability and low cost, natural ventilation has another indisputable plus. The design can function without problems with forced air circulation devices. These devices include, first of all, air filters, fans, air conditioners, split systems and other units.
Of course, natural ventilation has several disadvantages. Negative points must be taken into account at the design stage of the structure. Specialists recommend paying special attention to probable temperature changes outside and inside the room, as well as the direction and strength of the wind. The efficiency of the systems depends largely on these parameters.
It should also be noted that the installation of natural ventilation is sometimes complicated by the fact that in modern buildings some blocks and materials are widely used, which provide increased tightness in the premises. Such materials include, for example, window glass. Of course, this sealing is necessary. It allows you to save heat in the winter. However, their use greatly complicates the installation of a natural ventilation system. In this regard, at the design stage, special exhaust channels are laid in the building plan. As a rule, they are installed inside the walls. Depending on the location and the general requirements for ventilation quality, constructions with these or those features are used.
In residential premises, in private houses in particular, it is almost always possible to increase the efficiency of the ventilation system. Experts have developed a number of technological methods and principles, the use of which allows this to be done.
So, the exhaust duct is better to bring to the roof. Experts recommend placing the outlet as high as possible. This "rise" will provide a significant pressure drop in the system, which significantly enhances the intensity of air exchange.
The exhaust ducts should be of constant cross section, but the surface should be fairly smooth. This will provide good traction and reduce dust contamination of the duct.
To ensure exhaust from the room, an opening is cut into the wall of the outlet channel into which the intake mesh is built. The lower part of each ventilation duct is equipped with a typical sealed inspection flap. Due to this, it becomes possible to remove all unnecessary.
Supply ventilation installation is necessary for fresh air to enter the room. In this system, risers (channels) can be made in the same way as exhaust ducts.