Grapes are one of the oldest fruit crops. It has always been grown and continues to do so until now in different countries around the world. Grape varieties (photos are presented below) differ in the size of berries and a bunch, taste, color, ripening time and other properties. Today in the world there are 7,000 varieties of this culture. In the former Soviet Union, about 2,000 varieties were grown, 2/3 of which were local. In addition to domestic imported a large number of varieties from countries such as Italy, Germany, France. Diseases and pests affect grapes, depending on the variety and place of growth.
The key to healthy grapes is the right farming technique. The bush must be properly formed, well-lit, watered, fed, thinned in a timely manner, and so on. When choosing a culture, it is desirable to give preference not to the old classic varieties, but to complex stable. Such grapes diseases and pests affect much less. But if your plant is already affected, then you can use both chemical and biological remedies. The latter include: “Aktofit”, “Haupsin”, “Lepidocide”, “Trichodermin”, which have shown themselves quite worthy. You should only know that with such preparations it is necessary to process grapes once a week (and after each rain). Diseases and pests are more effectively eliminated, unfortunately, by pesticides. They are used both to combat an existing disease, and for prevention. Chemicals are classified according to the application. Fungicides are used against fungal diseases. Against bacterial diseases - bactericides. Insecticides fight harmful insects, and herbicides fight weeds.
Diseases of grapes and their treatment
Mildew is a fungal disease that is most common in regions with wet and warm summers. Spores of this fungus settle on the lower part of the leaves at a temperature of + 11ºC and even in the presence of morning dew. With a severe defeat, the bush loses yield, the foliage falls and the future crop is not laid. The first signs of this disease are yellow spots on the upper side of the leaves, and on the lower side these leaves are covered with a powdery white ceiling. For the prevention of mildew, the plant must be treated with 1% Bordeaux fluid (namely the lower part of the leaves). Of the chemicals used "Acrobat", "Ridomil", "Strobi" and others.
Powdery mildew (oidium) - a disease that manifests itself in dry and sultry weather. On white shoots and unripe berries a white coating appears, the leaves curl up in a boat, stop growing and crumble. To combat this disease, colloidal sulfur and drugs such as Topaz, Skor and Strobi are used.
Phyloxera is the most common and dangerous grape pest that can kill an entire plant. In large vineyards, those bushes that are affected by this pest are necessarily uprooted and burned. New ones in their place have not landed for more than 10 years. Phyloxera is a small greenish-yellow aphid that is barely visible to the naked eye. On the affected leaves, tumors (swelling) form in the lower side, in which the larvae of this pest develop. Hexachloran (2% solution), Karbofos, Kinmiks is used for the fight, but there are no effective drugs yet. And if you notice the first manifestations of the disease, then remove the affected leaves. Although the best tool will still be the removal of the entire bush.
Diseases and pests affecting grapes are better to prevent than to deal with them in the future. Use the so-called tank mixtures - this is a working solution of several drugs at once. There are many tables from which you will learn about the compatibility of the tools used. This may include drugs for pests and diseases, stimulators of fruit formation, growth, as well as fertilizers. Keep track of the health of your garden as a whole, do all the work in a timely manner, and every year you will harvest good crops.