The durability of the floor in the house depends on how its base is equipped. Currently, there are many new materials and technologies, but quite often they use the classical method, laying logs for the floor.
Design
Logs are bars that are located under the final floor. Before mounting the floor on the bars, it is necessary to remove the layer of earth with vegetation. After this, the base is rammed, gravel (40 mm) is poured on top, then concrete is poured. Be sure to lay a layer of waterproofing, and on top - a cement-concrete screed. Logs for the floor are located at a small distance from each other.
The bars must be at least 2 meters long. If they are short, they butt together. Logs for floor size are as follows: their width
It is 80-100 mm, and the thickness is 20-30 mm.
The bars can be laid on concrete posts. They are also mounted, secured with anchors. The evenness of the laying of the bars is checked with a level rail.
The screws should have a thickness greater than that of the log, 2.5 times. In order to prevent cracking of the tree, it is necessary to make a hole for the screw less than 2 cm.
Benefits:
- the load on the floor with the lags is distributed evenly;
- the underground space, which has at least 10 cm, is ventilated;
- it is possible to arrange communications under the floor;
- ease of installation;
- durability of a design;
- low cost.
Usually logs for the floor are made of soft wood of the second and third grades. All wooden blocks are treated with an antiseptic. The flooring must be cleaned of debris.
Draft flooring stages
- Installation begins from the corner of the room.
- The first row of boards is attached to the wall.
- The second row is stacked, shifting by 2 lags.
- The plinth is reinforced after all the boards have been laid.
Mounting the classic floor, lags are laid down necessarily. It should be noted that it is impossible to save on beams. In some places where, for example, there will be a stove, the floor is additionally strengthened. Beams isolate from the foundation with roofing material. Having covered the rough floor, cover the insulation with a single piece. Currently, there is a wide selection of materials for thermal insulation.
Floor leveling in old houses
Often the floors in old houses are uneven, with differences. It is difficult to regulate them, since it is not always possible to fill the screed on the base. In this case, the floor bars are adjusted. For this, bolts are screwed into them. Usually, 5 pieces are needed per two meter log. In advance, calculate the distance between the bars and make a markup. Drill holes in the ceilings, level the logs and level the dowel-nails. Then lay the final floor. Getting rid of roughnesses, the wooden surface is cycled with sandpaper. Then polished with a fine-grained skin. To do this, use a special grinding machine. To increase the life of the floor, it is protected with a special coating: parquet varnish, oil impregnation or wax mastic.
Tools for work:
- calibration ruler;
- level;
- saw;
- hacksaw;
- hammer;
- chisel;
- screwdriver;
- wrench;
- cutting machine.
Conclusion
Years of experience in construction have shown that wood is an ideal floor covering. Logs are an important element in the construction of the classic floor. With the help of bars, a strong frame is created for leveling the surface.