Fluorescent lamps are gas discharge devices that operate on mercury vapor. Visible light comes from luminographs. Fluorescent lamps are often installed in office rooms. They can also be found in schools and kindergartens. The advantages of the models include high light output and a long service life. It is also important to note that devices with a variety of shades are on the market.
However, the models have flaws. First of all, this is a chemical hazard, since the devices contain mercury. In this case, the light is not very pleasant for the human eye. Disposal of fluorescent lamps can only be done at special facilities. It is also important to mention the line spectrum. After some time, the light output of the lamp may decrease significantly.
Device model
A fluorescent lamp consists of two or three electrodes. They are connected to each other using a throttle. Light from fluorescent lamps comes from luminographs. As a rule, they are used rare-earth type with a winding. Socles are available in various diameters. Glass tubes are installed with a ring. A fluorescent lamp requires a starter. Also in large rooms they are switched on through special ballasts.
Types of lamps
Today, there are various types of fluorescent lamps. First of all, low and high pressure modifications are distinguished. Separation is carried out according to the type of socles. Lamps of the E14 and E27 series are made. Another separation of devices occurs in terms of power. The specified parameter ranges from 5 watts to 40 watts. Many lamps are available depending on the color rendering. In order to understand this issue in more detail, it is necessary to consider specific markings.
Low pressure devices
These types of fluorescent lamps are often used to illuminate garages. In this case, there are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. Power models range from 5 to 10 watts. Mercury is used in small quantities. Luminographs are installed only rare-earth type. A glass tube is attached to the cartridge. It may vary in diameter. The protective layer in many models is missing.
The luminous efficiency of devices depends on the power of the fluorescent lamp. Many consumers install modifications in office premises. Devices mainly with E14 sockets are on the market. Their operation requires throttle starters. The minimum allowable temperature of the models does not exceed -15 degrees. Thus, in open areas it is not practical to use them.
High Pressure Modifications
This type of daylight is appreciated for its high color flow. The service life of some models is 15 thousand hours. There are many devices with three electrodes on the market. Luminographs are mainly used with a winding. Directly tubes are used with shields. The diameter of fluorescent lamps may vary.
The protective layer is often used phosphorus type. Plinths are used with both the marking E14 and E27. Lamp (fluorescent) 36W high pressure withstands a minimum temperature of -20 degrees. The operation of the cathode largely depends on the color rendering of the model. The ignition time of this type of lamp does not exceed three seconds.
Devices with E14 cartridges
These types of fluorescent lamps are in demand at industrial facilities. Power models average 15 watts. There are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. In terms of compactness, fluorescent lamps differ. In this case, the luminograph is suitable only for the rare-earth type. The case itself is made of glass.
Mercury is located near the anode. The operation of the starter depends on the stability of the network. The minimum permissible temperature of fluorescent lamps is at -15 degrees. Plinths are often mounted in pin type. The maximum permissible temperature of these fluorescent lamps is +45 degrees. The ignition time is on average five seconds. It is also important to note that the ultimate pressure does not exceed 130 Pa. The protective layer in many lamps is missing.
Models with E27 cartridges
The indicated lighting lamps (fluorescent) are excellent for schools and kindergartens. Modifications are made mainly with two electrodes. The connection is carried out directly through reactors of different conductivity. Luminographs are installed under cartridges. Sockets are used only pin type. Luminous flux, as a rule, does not exceed 200 lm. The mercury consumption of the models is quite high.
It is also important to note that there are many double coated fluorescent lamps on the market. Starters are often used throttle type. Luminescent lamp E27 allows a minimum temperature of -15 degrees. The average ignition time is three seconds. The service life of models ranges around 10 thousand hours. However, in this case, much depends on the manufacturer.
18 watt devices
Lamp (fluorescent) 18W is suitable for garages and storage rooms. There are many models with two electrodes on the market. Their mercury consumption is negligible. In this case, luminographs are used only of the rare-earth type. The base is of the pin type. For the operation of fluorescent lamps, starters are used. Also, special ballasts for models are sold on the market. However, it is important to note that they are quite expensive. The life of the models in this case depends on many factors. The ignition time is on average four seconds.
The operation of the cathode is closely related to the luminograph. In severe frosts, switching on fluorescent lamps is prohibited. The protective layer in many models is made of phosphorus. Throttle starters are used quite often. The maximum permissible temperature of fluorescent lamps fluctuates around -35 degrees. It is also important to note that there are modifications with inductors on the market. They are installed selenoid type. A distinctive feature of the modifications can be called a long service life. However, they have very low mercury consumption. The minimum luminescent frequency is 25 kHz. According to the color rendering parameter, the models differ.
20 W models
These types of fluorescent lamps are very popular. First of all, it should be noted that the models are used for office premises. The base is most often installed with the marking E14. The minimum allowable temperature of the models is -14 degrees. Glass tubes are produced in various diameters. The ignition time is on average three seconds.
The maximum permissible temperature of fluorescent lamps is 45 degrees. Inductors for 20 W fluorescent lamps are rarely installed. The network voltage of the models is 220 V. The device will not withstand large overloads. The minimum frequency of fluorescent lamps is at around 20 kHz. The current strength is on average 0.4 A. There is no protective layer in many models.
40W lamp application
Lamp (fluorescent) 40 W is suitable for large rooms. Devices with different colors are let in. The service life of the models is on average 15 thousand hours. As a rule, devices with two electrodes are sold on the market. It is also important to note that starters are used only throttle type. Plinths are installed in the E 27 series. The luminous flux of the modification does not exceed 230 lm. Mercury consumption depends on the parameters of the luminograph and the size of the fluorescent lamp. The glass tube itself is filled with a mixture of argon and krypton.
The protective layer is often used phosphorus type. The light output of the models is 300 lm / W. Shells are used only closed type. The minimum frequency of the models is 23 kHz. Devices work from a network with a voltage of 220 V. Inductors are used only of the toroidal type. The minimum allowable temperature, as a rule, does not exceed -20 degrees. Amalgam is not used in the production of these fluorescent lamps. They are able to withstand extreme pressure at 130 Pa.
Models for Garages
Fluorescent mercury-containing lamps for garages are available in various capacities. Models with two and three electrodes are sold on the market. Glass tubes are used with ferrite rings. Devices from throttle starters work. Mercury consumption depends on the parameters of the luminograph. The luminous flux on average does not exceed 400 lm. The service life of these lamps is 13 thousand hours.
It is also important to note that the devices can operate from ballasts. However, they are quite expensive. The protective layer is often used phosphorus type. Remote starters are not suitable for models. The minimum frequency does not exceed 20 kHz. Shells are used only closed type.
Kitchen Appliances
Mercury-containing fluorescent lamps for kitchens are made in various capacities. There are many modifications with protective layers on the market. The color of the device is different. The base is of the pin type. Devices from remote and throttle starters work. In this case, ballasts are used very rarely. On average, the power of the models is 15 watts. Extreme pressure is not able to withstand at the level of 120 Pa. The luminous flux of such modifications does not exceed 330 lm.
The limit frequency parameter depends on the inductor. It is used most often of the toroidal type. The minimum allowable temperature is -20 degrees. Built-in starters for fluorescent lamps are not suitable. The ignition time of the models ranges from three to ten seconds. Luminographs are used in the rare-earth type. Model mercury consumption is negligible. Directly the glass bulb in the devices is filled, as a rule, with argon. However, in some cases, krypton is used for this purpose. Phosphates are not suitable in this case.
Models for highlighting advertising structures
Fluorescent lamps for advertising backlights are distinguished by a high parameter of light output. The specified indicator, as a rule, is 120 lm / W. Devices with two electrodes are installed. Luminographs in this case are only suitable with windings. Direct socles are used screw type. Models work from ballasts. However, if we consider low-power models, then remote type starters are suitable for them.
The three-component layer makes it possible to use fluorescent lamps in any weather. Built-in starters for devices are not unique. The minimum allowable temperature is no more than -30 degrees. On average, the ignition time is as much as ten seconds. However, the minimum frequency is 26 kHz. Devices with toroidal type inductors are rare. Disposal of fluorescent lamps can only be done at special facilities.
Office Lights
Office fluorescent lamps are made of high power. Cartridges for them are suitable only pin type. Mercury consumption in this case depends on many factors. In particular, the type of luminograph should be considered. Some companies produce only rare earth analogues. The permissibility of such models is quite high. Socles are applied with marking E14 and E27.
The three-component layer allows the use of models in different weathers. Throttle starters are well suited for these fluorescent tubes. The ignition time is on average four minutes. The minimum device frequency is 23 kHz. Remote starters are rare on the market. It is also important to note that the luminous flux depends on the power of the model. Glass tubes in this case are made exclusively with clamping rings.
Devices for housing
Home fluorescent lamps are made with inductors. There are many models of various capacities on the market. For convenience, the cartridges are made of pin type. Shells are used as a standard closed type. The maximum permissible temperature of fluorescent lamps is -30 degrees. The ignition time does not exceed ten seconds. The operation of the cathode in this case depends on the luminograph. Modifications with windings are rare. As a rule, remote starters are not installed on fluorescent lamps of this type.
Modifications for bathrooms
This type of fluorescent lamp is manufactured only with toroidal inductors. There are many modifications with two electrodes on the market. Their mercury consumption is negligible. It is also important to note that the models are made with ordinary glass tubes. Luminographs are used in the rare-earth type. The minimum frequency indicator is 34 kHz.
Remote starters are not suitable for models. Most often, throttle counterparts can be found. Their light output is 230 lm / W. Argon is used directly in the tube. Some fluorescent lamps have a phosphor protective layer. The maximum allowable temperature is 40 degrees.
Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor fluorescent lamps are rare on the market. They are able to withstand extreme pressure at 350 Pa. It is also important to note that there are modifications with two and three electrodes. If we consider the first option, then they use rare-earth luminographs. In this case, the mercury consumption is negligible. The base is most often used in the E14 series.
If we consider modifications to three electrodes, then they are characterized by increased resistance to frost. The minimum frequency parameter is 23 kHz. The shell is used closed. The operation of the cathode is closely related to light output. A protective layer is often made of their phosphorus.
Modifications for museums
Museum fluorescent lamps are available in 13 and 16 watts. The base is used for the pin type. As a rule, on the market are modifications with two electrodes. Extreme pressure they are able to withstand 100 Pa. Argon gas is located directly in the tubes. The service life of such models is very long. The minimum allowable temperature does not exceed -10 degrees. Starters for devices are selected remote type. Inductors are rarely used. It is also important to note that fluorescent lamps of this type are produced with a two-layer protective coating.
Models marked 530
Daytime running lamps 530 are manufactured with choke electrodes. The luminous flux in them is at around 200 lm. Directly the luminograph is used with a winding. The tube in this case is used with a small diameter. The mercury consumption of the model is low. Directly the maximum pressure of the device is maintained at 130 Pa. The light output of the modification is 150 lm / W. The base in this case is provided for class E14. The maximum allowable temperature is 45 gr. For storage rooms, these lamps are well suited.
Lamps 640
The lamp (luminescent) 640 is made with a rare-earth luminograph. In this case, two electrodes are used. There is not much mercury directly. The base is provided with a pin type. This fluorescent lamp works from an external starter. Control gears are rarely used. It is also important to note that the model has an inductor. Models are suitable for garages and storage rooms. However, a power of 10 watts is not enough for schools and kindergartens.
Using bulbs marked 765
With the marking 765, the fluorescent lamp is suitable for living quarters. Power models is 13 watts. In this case, the tubes are filled with argon. In total, the model has two electrodes. Directly the luminograph is used with a winding. The base is provided for class E14. The mercury consumption of the model is quite large. A two-layer coating is used to protect the tube.
The service life of the specified fluorescent lamp is 15 thousand hours. The starter for the operation of the device will require a throttle type. The maximum allowable temperature is 45 degrees. The shell is provided closed. Modification is connected via a pin-type cartridge.
Lamps 840
840 fluorescent tubes are manufactured at 23 kHz. They work from a network with a voltage of 220 V. However, to turn on a fluorescent lamp, a throttle starter is required. The light output of this model is 210 lm / W. The power parameter is 24 watts.
The luminograph is used with a winding. The luminous flux of the specified fluorescent lamp is equal to 240 lm. The mercury consumption of the model is small. The service life is usually 13 thousand hours. Remote starter for the model does not fit. The inductor in the presented fluorescent lamp is not provided.